Dealing with Offending Behavior: Custodial Sentencing

Question 1

custodial sentencing invlves a convicted offender

Answer 1

spending time in prison, hospital or young offenders institution

Question 2

deterrence is based on

Answer 2

conditioning principles

Question 3

what are the conditioning principles

Answer 3

the unplesent experience of prison

knowing crime will not be tollerated

Question 4

custodial sentencing ensures that the offender is

Answer 4

taken out of society which protects the public from further offending

Question 5

the need for incarciration depends on

Answer 5

the severty of the crime

Question 6

deterence

Answer 6

putting people off committing crimes

Question 7

incapacitation

Answer 7

protecting the public by removing criminals

Question 8

retribution

Answer 8

revenge against the offender

Question 9

Society enacting revenge by making the offender

Answer 9

Suffer

Question 10

Level of suffering should be

Answer 10

Proportionate to the severity of the crime

Question 11

Rehabilitation

Answer 11

Reform the offender

Question 12

Prison should provide an opportunity to develop

Answer 12

Skills, access addiction treatment and reflect on crime

Question 13

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing

Answer 13

Stress
Depression
Institutionalisation
Prisonisation

Question 14

Stress and depression

Answer 14

Suicide rates and self harm are higher in prison than in the general population

Question 15

Institutionalisation

Answer 15

Inability to function outside of prison having adapted to the norms and routines of prison life

Question 16

Prisonisation

Answer 16

Behaviours unacceptable outside prison are encouraged via socialisation into an “inmate code”

Question 17

What percentage of UK offenders reoffend within a year of being released?

Answer 17

57%

Question 18

Recidivism refers to

Answer 18

Reoffending

Question 19

Rates vary according to

Answer 19

The type of offence committed

Question 20

UK and US recidivism rates are among

Answer 20

The highest in the world

Question 21

One of the countries with the lowest rates is

Answer 21

Norway where there is more emphasis on rehabilitation

Question 22

The Norwegian model of rehabilitation is criticised as being

Answer 22

Soft

Question 23

Bartol Date

Answer 23

1995

Question 24

Bartol suggested prison can be

Answer 24

Brutal and devastating

Question 25

Suicide rates among offenders are about

Answer 25

15 times higher than in the general population

Question 26

Who are most at risk of committing suicide?

Answer 26

Young men in the first 24 hours of confinement

Question 27

The prison reform found that

Answer 27

24% of women and 15% of men report symptoms of psychosis

Question 28

The findings of the Prison Reform Trust and Bartol suggest that custodial sentencing is

Answer 28

Far from effective in rehabilitating the individual, particularly those who are vulnerable

Question 29

Prison time is damaging for many but we cannot assume

Answer 29

All offenders will react the same way. Different prisons have different regimes so experiences vary

Question 30

Factors that affect an inmates reaction include

Answer 30

The length of the sentence. Reason for incarnation. Previous prison experience.

Question 31

Some inmates may have preexisting

Answer 31

Vulnerabilities

Question 32

It is very difficult to make a general assumption of people’s reactions because

Answer 32

There are many different factors that can affect someone

Question 33

The rehabilitation model argues offenders may

Answer 33

Become better people in prison and less likely to reoffend - in prison, inmates have access to education, training and anger management schemes

Question 34

Having access to life changing schemes means that prison could be

Answer 34

a worthwhile experience assuming offenders are able to access these programmes

Question 35

The evidence of the long-term benefits of prison schemes are

Answer 35

Inconclusive

Question 36

The potential benefits of rehabilitation are a strength but

Answer 36

The lack of evidence undermines the argument

Question 37

Alongside the legitimate skills that offenders may acquire during their time in prison

Answer 37

They may also undergo a more dubious education

Question 38

Differential association theory suggests time spent with hardened criminals may

Answer 38

Give younger inmates the chance to learn ‘tricks of the trade’ from more experienced offenders

Question 39

Davies and Raymond date

Answer 39

2000

Question 40

Davies and Raymond in a review of custodial sentencing concluded that

Answer 40

Government ministers often exaggerate the benefits of prison in a bit to appear tough on crime

Question 41

Davies and Raymond’s research suggests prison does little to

Answer 41

Rehabilitate offenders or deter them