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Maam tel > Debate > Flashcards

Debate Flashcards

1
Q

The art of debate finds its
earliest recorded roots in ancient Greece,
particularly in the city-state of Athens.
Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle engaged in dialectic discussions,
which involved questioning, argumentation,
and critical thinking

A

Ancient Greece

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2
Q

Conducted on propositions, questions, and
topics, in which the advocates have
special interest, and the debate is
presented before a judge or an audience
with the power to render a binding
decision on the proposition or respond to
the question.

A

APPLIED DEBATE

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3
Q

Conducted under special rules drafted for
a specific occasion.

A

Special Debate

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4
Q

A Term used to describe a type of debate
that focuses on a scientific topic or issue of
particular importance or relevance

A

Special Debate

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5
Q

is a simulated appellate court or arbitration proceeding where participants, typically law students, argue hypothetical legal cases based on
real-world issues

A

Moot Courts

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6
Q

is a simulation of a trial in a
courtroom setting, where participants,
often high school or college students,
portray attorneys, witnesses, and
sometimes jurors

A

Mocktrial Debate

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7
Q

students work in teams to
prepare and present a case, which
includes opening statements, direct
and cross-examinations of witnesses,
and closing arguments.

A

Mocktrial Debate

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8
Q

Conducted under the rules of parliamentary procedure. Its purpose is thepassage, amendment, or defeat of motions and resolutions that come before a parliamentary assembly.

A

Applied Parliamentary Debate

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9
Q

may be obeserved in the senate, or the house of representatives, state legislatures, city councils, and town governing bodies, and act the business meetings of various organizations,such as the national convention of a major political
party/meeting of a local fraternity chapter

A

Parliamentary Debate

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10
Q

The ancient greek were among the first to acknowledge debate. Plato, for one engaged in cross examination in debate, defined as rhetoric.

A

Greeks outlook

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11
Q

A universal art of winning the mind by arguements which means not merely arguements in the courts of justuce, and all other sorts of public councils, but in private conference as wel

A

Rhetoric

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12
Q

This provides a bipolar clash against two opposing sides.

A

Debate

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13
Q

this Is the process or inquiry and advocacy, a way of arriving at a reasoned judgement on a proposition.

A

Debate

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14
Q

this reflects the enduring human quest for dialogue, exchange of ideas, and intellectual engagement across diverse cultural, social, and historical contexts.

A

History of Non Formal Debate

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15
Q

is a structured discussion or argumentative exchange that occurs outside of traditional academic or competitive settings. Unlike formal debates, which often follow strict rules and formats, non-formal debates may be more flexible and informal in nature.

A

Non Formal Debate

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16
Q

is a method of instruction for the public and is a means of defense

A

Rhetoric

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17
Q

has recently achieved its greatest visibility and popularity through the growth in popularity and frequency of political campaign debates

A

Public Debate

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18
Q

this is not only used in politics, but also in other aspechs of society

A

Debate

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19
Q

The more rational is overcome by the less rational, and the opinions that will prevail will be those which are held most ardently by those with the most passionate will.

A

Greshams Law

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20
Q

Whenever an individual controls the dimension of a problem, they can solve it through making a personal decision

A

individual Decision

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21
Q

Group Discussion: Requirements

A

Agree that a problem exists Have
Have compatibke standards or values
Have compatible purposes
Are willing to the consensus of the group
Arec relatively few in number

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22
Q

When a group has more than 15 or 20 members, productive discussion becomes difficult if not impossible.

A

Group Discussion

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23
Q

us communication intended to influence the acts, beliefd, atittudes and values of others this not limited to debate and Does not require logical arguements

A

Persuasion

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24
Q

He thought of rhetoric as the study of persuasion as it is shaped to impact a particular audience under a unique set of characteristics.

A

ARTISTOTLE VIEWS

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25
Q

is the character, sagacity and goodwill of the speaker. The au

A

ethos

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26
Q

 is the judgement od the audience in the emotional impact of the speaker to them as listeners.

A

pathos

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27
Q

 refers to logical proof in their arguementation. It is not a matter of certainty in an arguement but of persuasion

A

logos

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28
Q

Is the use of persuasion as a group or group persuasion

A

Propaganda

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29
Q

Often by a an organization, it is done in a sustained, organized campaign using multiple media for the purpose of influencing the mass audience

knowledge of arguementation and debate is a good defense against propagandists

A

Propaganda

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30
Q

Is defined as the threat or use of force intendee to limit the viable choices of action available to the person threatened.

A

coercion

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31
Q

this mandates an “enforcemeny plank” providing for fines, imprisonment or some other penalty.

A

coercion

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32
Q

In a real life scenario, the individuals may often have to utilize several debating techniques within the leason.

A

combination

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33
Q

An individual decision may require you to coerce a separate body, or s group decision may require a ruling body to debate whether or not something is valid and so on.

A

combination

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34
Q

The implications of ethics within an orator isa necessity due to the possible distruction that can be caused in mishandelling this skill.

A

Essentials of Ethics

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35
Q

A logical approach that focuses on good or bad consequences of an action or decision

A

Teological

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36
Q

Act oriented. Is based on the notion that actions have moral value

A

Deontological

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37
Q

Argumentation and debate is founded in the classical study and practice of rhetoric as it developed in ancient Greece, especially around the fifth century BC.

A

Classical Traditions

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38
Q

is a group of teachers taught their students practical skills needed for successful citizenship. One of these skills was rhetoric

A

“Sophists

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39
Q

manuals and practical “how-to” lessons

A

Corax and Tisias

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39
Q

skills at ghost writing

A

socrates

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40
Q

(classification of observations into categories); and

A

Analysis

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41
Q

referred to as the father of debate

A

protagoras

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42
Q

preferred method of discourse was NOT rhetoric but philosophical dialect, a question and answer format which works from premise to premise. The goal of dialect is to discover truth.

A

Plato

43
Q
  • powerful and engaging speaking styles
A

Gorgias and Demosthenes

44
Q

(moving from concrete to abstract, forming universal generalizations)

A

Synthesis

45
Q

recognized that argumentation occurs within different types of speeches: forensic, deliberative, and epideictic rhetoric.

A

Aristotle

45
Q

refers to legal speaking of rhetoric designed for court. It examines past events and seeks to establish what is just and unjust.

A

Forensic discourse

46
Q

refers to that source of speaking necessary to guide decision making, it focuses on future actions.

A

Deliberative discourse

47
Q

speaking to praise or blame, speaking questions and values. It occurs in ceremonial occasions, as in eulogies or celebration.

A

Epideictic speaking

48
Q
  • Philosophical method of formal inquiry
  • Question-response process is followed
  • Begin with a set of questions in their search
    for answers and ultimately, truth
A

Dialectical

49
Q
  • it is the conclusion we are trying to establish by our argument.
  • Of course, a claim without support is
    only assertion, and has limited persuasive force
A

Claims

50
Q
  • Also known as hypothetical syllogism
  • Usually indicated by if, assuming, and supposing (if-then statements)
A

Conditional Syllogism

51
Q
  • The major premise contains mutually exclusive alternatives.
  • Usually indicated by such words as either, or,
    neither, nor, but, and although
A

Dysjunctive Syllogism

52
Q
  • An unqualified proposition
  • Propositions are characterized by words
    like all, every, each, some, no, and any
  • If one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. No valid conclusion can be
    drawn from two negative premises
A

Categorically Syllogism

53
Q
  • Apply formal validity and rhetoric to the
    reasoning
  • Proceeding from generalization to specific
    application
  • A systematic arrangement of arguments:
  • Major premise - proposition stating a
    generalization
  • Minor premise - stating a specific instance
    related to the generalization
  • Conclusion
A

Syllogism

54
Q
  • Evidence and reasoning to establish the foundation of our claim.
  • Provide good reasons to establish that our claim is solid and reliable
A

Grounds

55
Q

Evidence and reasoning advanced to justify the claim.
* The warrant is the bridge that supports the movement from data to claim
* It represents the explanation providing reasoning

A

Warrant

56
Q

additional evidence and reasoning to support warrant

A

Backing

57
Q

the degree of cogency, may vary from certainty to possibility (certainty, probability, plausibility, possibly)

A

Modal qualifications

58
Q

involves introducing evidence and reasoning to weaken or destroy another’s claim

A

Rebuttal

59
Q

is the process of inferring conclusions. It is based in concrete observation and presumably objective and is often classified as deductive or
inductive.

A

Reasoning

60
Q

is the extent to which an argument is both sound and intellectually compelling because it is well founded in fact, logic, or rationality.

A

The Degree of Congency

61
Q

moves from generalization to specific application. Syllogisms are deductive forms of argument. Deductive reasoning claims to establish the certainty of a conclusio

A

Deductive reasoning

62
Q

moves from specific cases
to generalizations. Inductive reasoning claims
to establish a lesser degree of cogency for its
conclusion.

A

Inductive reasoning

63
Q

consists of inferring conclusions from specific cases

A

Reasoning by example

64
Q

making a comparison between two similar cases and inferring that what is true in one case is true in the other

A

Reasoning by analogy

65
Q

infers that a certain factor (a cause) is a force that produces something else (an effect)

A

Causal Reasoning

66
Q

inferring relationships or correlations between two variables

A

Reasoning by sign

67
Q

arises when the meaning of a word, phrase, or passage may reasonably be interpreted in two or move ways.
 double meaning

A

Ambiguity

68
Q

It refers to the abundant use of words without conveying much meaning.
using language that is grossly deceptive, evasive, euphemistic, confusing or self-centered.

A

Verbalism

69
Q

involves the use of words which in addition to their denotative meanings, or objective, descriptive meanings, also have a secondarymeaning, which is emotionally charged and therefore seeks to establish a conclusion without proof

A

Loaded Language

70
Q

provides many possibilities for obstacles to clear thinking.

A

Loaded Language

71
Q

refers to the organization and arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses within sentences to convey meaning clearly and effectively.

A

Grammatical Structure

72
Q

logical fallacy where a speaker or debater compares two or more items or concepts without providing enough context

A

incomplete comparison

73
Q

are fallacies created by distortion, confusion, manipulation, or avoidance of the matters or issue or by substitution of matters not germane to the issue.

A

pseudoarguments

74
Q

efers to introducing arguments, evidence, or points that are not directly related to the topic or issue being discussed.

A

offering irrelevancy

75
Q

intentionally as a tactic to distract or confuse the opponent.
unintentionally due to a lack of focus

A

offering irrelevancy

76
Q

occurs when one assumes as a premise for the argument the very conclusion one intends to prove , or put another way.

A

arguing in a circle

77
Q

the conclusion is derived from premises that presuppose the conclusion.
this is also referred to as “begging the question”

A

arguing in a circle

78
Q

this may also referred to as ignorance of refutation (ignorantia elenchi) or ignoring the counterevidence.

A

ignoring the issue

79
Q

an opponent by insulting them, attacking them personally, criticizing their friends, or doing anything that win cause them to lose their temper. to lose control and may lack focus to the argument.

A

baiting an opponent

80
Q

when an argument is repeated, with the repetition treated as proof.
rhetorical tactic where a debater continuously states or restates a claim without providing additional evidence or arguments to support it.

A

repeating on assertion

81
Q

is often found in crossexaminations or any othersituation in which theadvocate has an opportunityto ask a series of questions.

A

structuring a response

82
Q

it becomes fallacious if itcontains logical errors, relieson flawed reasoning, ormisrepresents evidence

A

structuring a response

83
Q

occurs when advocates accept a line of reasoning and its conclusions but urge a special exception for their case.
it becomes fallacious when someone tries to exempt their argument from the usual standards or rules without valid reasons.

A

special pleading

84
Q

for the argument also referred to as ad hominem, or “to the man“ a logical fallacy where someone attacks the character, motives, or other attributes of a person making an argument rather than addressing the substance of the argument itself.

A

substituting the person

85
Q

when no evidence or reasoning is available, advocates may sometimes attempt to support their argument by sheer noise and histrionics.
language full of long or pretentious words, used to impress others

A

substituting bombast for argument

86
Q

arguing that something should be done “everybody” is doing it

A

bandwagon technique

87
Q

also known as the argumentum ad populum fallacy
occurs when someone argues that a claim is true or valid simply because a majority of people believe it or because it‘s popular.

A

using popular appeal

88
Q

reasoning relies on an “ifthen“ statement.
in debate, denying the antecedent in fallacious because it overlooks the possibility of other factors or conditions that could lead the same outcome even if the initial condition is not met.

A

denying the antecedent

89
Q

misrepresents or exaggerates their opponent’s argument in order to make it easier to attack or refute.
it is fallacious because it avoids engaging with the actual substance of your opponent’s position.

A

offering a “ straw agreement”

90
Q

occur when advocates maintain that something cannot be so because they, or the audience, have never heard of it.

A

appealing to ignorance

91
Q

occurs when an advocate asks an unanswerable, loaded, leading, or ambiguous question.
 a question based on a false assumption.
questions that an opponent cannot possibly answer them adequately within the available time.

A

asking pseudoquestions

92
Q

an argument which “does not follow” in other words, the conclusion is not supported by the premises or evidence offered by it.
the conclusion is irrelevant or unrelated to the premises, making the argument invalid.

A

posing a non-sequitur

93
Q

argumentum ad antiquitatem
occur when the advocate maintains that we should follow a certain policy because we have “always” done things that way.

A

appealing to tradition

94
Q

based in diction, or language, and includes an attack on false choice and antithesis as a figure of speech

A

First

95
Q

to assert of the whole what is true of the
parts.

A

second

96
Q

this title is shorthand for the longer Latin phrase “ post hoc ergo propter hoc”
“after the fact, therefore because of the fact. “
the fallacy of post hoc lies in assuming a causal relationship where none has been proved.

A

arguing post hoc

97
Q

the use of indignant language in lieu of proof

A

Third

98
Q

to mistake a sign, or single instance, as proof

A

Fourth

99
Q

the accidental, coincidental sign

A

Fifth

100
Q

argument from consequence or circumstance, which is described as an example of fallacy by omission

A

Sixth

101
Q

sham enthymeme offered by Aristotle is the post hoc propter hoc, falsely assuming that because B happens after A it happens because of A

A

Seventh

102
Q

is time end manner, additional variables which must be considered in determining relationships, and finally

A

Eight

103
Q

the confusion of the absolute with the particular, or inappropriately swift application of a generalization to a specific case

A

Ninth

Maam tel (7 decks)

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