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HISTOPATHOLOGY > Decalcifying Reagents > Flashcards

Decalcifying Reagents Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue to decalcifying agent volume

A

20 x

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2
Q

Decalcifying agents

A

A C I E

Acids
Chelsting agent
Ion exchange resin
Electrical ionization/Electrophoresis

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3
Q

Factors influencing rate of decalcification

A

STC
Structure
Ttemperature
Concentration and volume

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4
Q

The only decalcifying agent used for routine purpose

A

acids
(Because calcium is soluble @4.5 pH)

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5
Q

Almost 2x as fast as formic axid

A

Nitric acid

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6
Q

Provides better tissue and cellular preservation and staining

A

Formic acid

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7
Q

Cid decalcifying agents

A
  1. Nitric acid
    - 10% aqueous Nitric acid
    - Formol Nitric acid
    - Perenyi’s fluid
    - Phloroglucin Nitric acid
  2. Hydrochloric acid/Muriatic acid
  3. Formic acid
  4. Trichloroacetic acid
  5. Sulfurous acid
  6. Chromic acid
  7. Citric acid buffer
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8
Q

Most common and fastest decal agent

A

Nitric acid

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9
Q

Undergoes spontaneous yellow discoloration owing to formation of Nitrous acid

A

Nitric acid

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10
Q

Rapid
For URGENT BIOPSIES, NEEDLE and SMALL specimen biopsies

A

10% Aqueous Nitric acid

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11
Q

Used for heavily or large mineralized cortical bone specimen

Decal time is 12 to 24 hours

A

10% Aqueous Nitric acid

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12
Q

Less tissue destruction than 10% Aqueous Nitric acid

Decal time is 1 to 3 says

A

Formol Nitric acid

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13
Q

Recommended concentration of nitric acid

A

5 to 10 %

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14
Q

For URGENT biopsies with good nuclear staining

A

Formol Nitric acid

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15
Q

Decalcification time of Formol Nitric acid decal agent

A

1-3 days

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16
Q

Yellow color imparted by nitrous acid is removed through:

A

Neutralization with 5% SPDIUM SULFATE and running tap water for 12 hours ( or addition of 1% urea to pure concentrated nitric acid)

17
Q

Decalcification time of Perenyi’s fluid

A

2-7 days

18
Q

It decalcifies and softens at the same time

A

Perenyi’s fluid

19
Q

Maceration is avoided due to the presence of chromic acid and alcohol (ethanol)

A

Perenyi’s fluid

*(Maceration is the softening and breaking down of tissues)

20
Q

Composition of Perenyi’s fluid

A

Nitric acid • Chromic acid • Ethanol

21
Q

Most rapid decalcifying agent but has poor nuclear staining

A

Phloroglucin Nitric acid

22
Q

Decal time of Phloroglucin Nitric acid

A

12-24 hours

23
Q

Recommended for urgent works and produces a yellow color formation

A

Phloroglucin Nitric acid

24
Q

Inferior compared to nitric acid (slower action and greater destruction of tissues)

A

HCl or Muriatic acid

25
Q

Recommended for surface decalcification of tissue blocks if used in 1% sol’n with 70% alcohol

Good nuclear staining

A

HXl or Muriatic acid

26
Q

Recommended for teeth and small pieces of bones

A

Von ebner’s fluid

27
Q

Von ebner’s fluid decomposition

A

36% saturated aqueous solution
sodium chloride
Concentrated HCl
Distilled water

28
Q

Decal time of formic acid

A

2-7 days

29
Q

Moderate- acting decalcifying agent

Recommended for routine decalcification of post-mortem research tissues

A

Formic acid

30
Q

Major disadvantage is not suitable for decalcifying urgent Exam

A

Formic acid

31
Q

Formic acid + 10% Formol saline

A

Aqueous formic acid

32
Q

Recommended for small pieces of bones and teeth; Suitable for most
routine surgical specimen and immunohistochemical staining

A

Aqueous formic acid

33
Q

Formic acid-Sodium citrate decomposition

A

20% Aq. Sodium citrate + 45% Formic acid

34
Q

Recommended for autopsy materials, bone marrow, cartilage and tissues
studied for research purposes

A

Formic acid-Sodium citrate

35
Q

Permits good nuclear staining;

Does not require washing out

Not recommended for urgent examinations (very slow acting

A

Trichloroacetic acid

36
Q

Weakest decalcifying agent, suitable only for minute pieces of bone

A

Sulfurous acid

37
Q

Used as a fixative and decalcifying agent; Decalcifies minute bone spicules

Caution: It is an environmental toxin, highly corrosive to skin and mucous
membrane and carcinogenic

A

Chromic acid

38
Q

Permits excellent nuclear and cytoplasmic staining

Does not produce cell or tissue distortion; Too slow for routine purposes

A

Citric acid Citrate buffer

39
Q

Substances which combine with calcium ions and other salts IRON and MAGNESIUM to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of Calcium salt

A

Chelating agent

HISTOPATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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