Deck 1

Question 1

Describe complete dominance

Answer 1

Heterozygous phenotype same as that of homozygous dominant (

Question 2

Describe incomplete dominance

Answer 2

Heterozygous phenotype intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes (flower color)

Question 3

Describe codominance. Example?

Answer 3

Both phenotypes expressed in hetereozygotes. Human blood cell

Question 4

Describe multiple alleles. Example?

Answer 4

Some genes have more than two alleles. Human blood type (IA, IB, i)

Question 5

Describe pleiotropy

Answer 5

One gene affects multiple phenotypic characters

Question 6

Epistasis

Answer 6

Many genes influence a single trait

Question 7

What cross did Mendel perform to discover law of independent assortment?

Answer 7

Dihybrid cross

Question 8

Condition for independent assortment

Answer 8

Genes on different chromosomes

Question 9

Marfan Syndrome is an example of _____

Answer 9

Genetic pleiotropy

Question 10

Labrador Retriever coat color is an example of _____

Answer 10

Epistasis

Question 11

Units for map units

Answer 11

cM (centi Morgans)

Question 12

Frequency of recombinant offspring directly correlates to _____

Answer 12

Distance between two genes

Question 13

Name the scientist that contributed to gene mapping

Answer 13

Alfred Sturtevant

Question 14

Hemizygote

Answer 14

Having one member of chromosome pair rather than two

Question 15

Describe the chromosomal differences in bacteria and eukaryots

Answer 15

Bacterial chromosomes are circular and associated with smaller amount of protein

Eukaryote chromosomes are linear and associated with larger amount of protein

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

Complex of DNA and protein

Question 17

Name of component used for first level of packing in protein

Answer 17

Histones

Question 18

DNA is a polymer made up of _____

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

Proteins are composed of _____

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

3 steps to achieve protein synthesis

Answer 20

1. mRNA synthesis in nucleus
2. mRNA moves outside the cytoplasm
3. mRNA is translated by ribosomes to make proteins

Question 21

3 scientists responsible for study on DNA

Answer 21

Watson, Crick, Franklin

Question 22

Describe three components of nucelotide

Answer 22

1. Nitrogenous base
2. Phosphate group/backbone
3. 5-carbon sugar

Question 23

Nucleotide variation in DNA and RNA

Answer 23

DNA: ACTG
RNA: ACUG

Question 24

Pyrimidines

Answer 24

Single ring, Cytosine, uracil, Thymine

Question 25

Purines

Answer 25

Double ring, Adenine, Guanine

Question 26

Bond connecting phosphate backbone in DNA

Answer 26

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 27

What is the 5' group called

Answer 27

Phosphate group

Question 28

What is the 3' group called

Answer 28

Hydroxyl group

Question 29

In which location does ribose and deoxyribose differ in

Answer 29

2'. Ribose has -OH, while deoxyribse has -H

Question 30

Draw the structure if ribose and deoxyribose

Answer 30

.

Question 31

In which direction is the sequence of DNA written?

Answer 31

5' -> 3'

Question 32

Is "primary structure of DNA" single or double-stranded?

Answer 32

Single-strand of nucleotide sequences

Question 33

Structure of nitrogenous bases

Answer 33

.

Question 34

Clues about spacing

Answer 34

1. Space between helixes was known (X-rays) 2. #'s equal (purines = pyrimidines)

Question 35

Chargaff's Rules

Answer 35

3. #'s equal (T = A) 4. #'s equal (C = G)

Question 36

Name of bond responsible for holding nitrogenous bases together

Answer 36

Hydrogen bonds (enol, keto), H - O, H - N, respectively

Question 37

Which nitrogenous base bonds are stronger? Why?

Answer 37

C - G stronger than A - T because the former has 3 hydrogen bonds while the latter has 2.

Question 38

4 enzymes involved in DNA replication

Answer 38

1. (RNA) Helicase 2. Primase 3. DNA polymerase 4. Ligase

Question 39

Where does DNA replication start

Answer 39

3' end of TEMPLATE strand

Question 40

Mutation

Answer 40

Any permanent changes in DNA

Question 41

What enzyme has main proofreading activity

Answer 41

DNA polymerase

Question 42

Diseases causes by errors in proof reading mechanisms

Answer 42

1. Lynch syndrome (autosomal dominant) 2. Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 43

Two types of mutations . Which one is passed on?

Answer 43

1. Somatic mutations 2. Gametic mutations Gametic mutations are passed on - caused by mistake in DNA replication during meiosis

Question 44

Huntington's disease is an example of _____ . Willams Syndrome is also an example of this mutation.

Answer 44

Autosomal dominant mutation

Question 45

Example of autosomal recessive mutation

Answer 45

Cystic fibrosis, tay-schs disease

Question 46

Human mutation rate

Answer 46

1.5 * 10^(-8)

Question 47

Human haploid genome size

Answer 47

3.3 billion base pairs of nucleotides

Question 48

Central dogma

Answer 48

DNA -> RNA -> protein Transcription, translation

Question 49

Example of reverse transcription

Answer 49

HIV

Question 50

What are coding regions of a gene called

Answer 50

Exons

Question 51

Are both exons and introns present in pre-mRNA?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Do point mutations always alter amino acid

Answer 52

Not always. May or may not

Question 53

Four types of genetic mutation

Answer 53

1. Point mutation 2. Frameshift mutation 3. Chromosomal rearrangements 4. Gene duplication

Question 54

Five types of structural mutation

Answer 54

1. Duplication 2. Deletion 3. Inversion 4. Fission 5. Fusion