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Heart, Breathing, Lymphatic > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscle layer of the heart: its contractions pump blood through the circulatory system

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2
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from the body

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3
Q

Ventricle

A

The lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart

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4
Q

Valves

A

Flaps of connective tissue located between the atria and ventricle and ventricle and blood vessels: they open and close to keep blood moving in one direction

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Right side pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and back again: picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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6
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Left side pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body: cells absorb most of the oxygen and load the blood with carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

SA Node

A

1) A small group of cardiac muscle fibers (natural pacemaker) is located in the right atrium. When it fires an electrical impulse causes the atria to contract. Then AV Node

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8
Q

AV Node

A

2) A small group of muscle fibers which causes the ventricles to contract.

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9
Q

Arteries

A

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels. Their thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from blood into tissues.

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11
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that return blood to the heart; many contain valves to prevent backflow

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12
Q

Blood pressure

A

A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries

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13
Q

Bundle of His

A

Conducts the AV node electrical impulse to the split of the bundle branches

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14
Q

Left and Right Bundle Branches

A

The split pathway to take the electrical impulse to the left and right ventricle

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15
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Small fibers in the left and right ventricle that conducts the electrical pulse

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16
Q

How many times does the average adult heart contract in one minute?

A

72 times and 75 milliliters each time

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17
Q

Septem

A

Located between the left and right side and keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing

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18
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body

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19
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Bring oxygen poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium

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20
Q

Right pulmonary veins

A

Bring oxygen-rich blood from the right lung to the left atrium

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21
Q

Right atrium

A

Accepts oxygen-poor blood from the body

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22
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

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23
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound

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24
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Bring oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium

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25
Pulmonary arteries
Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
26
Left atrium
Accepts oxygen rich blood from the lungs
27
Left pulmonary veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium
28
Mitral Valve
Between the left atrium and left ventricle; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
29
Aortic valve
Valve from the left ventricle to the aorta; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
30
Pulmonary valve
Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary veins; ventricles contract they close - makes the lub dub sound
31
Left ventricle
Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
32
Coronary arteries
Supply blood to the heart muscle and bring nutrients and oxygen
33
P Wave
Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the atria and the beginning of its contraction
34
Sympathetic nervous system
Increases heart rate and increases the force of the contraction
35
QRS Complex
Coincides with the spread of electrical activity over the ventricles and the beginning of its contraction
36
Parasympathetic nervous system
Decreases the heart rate and the force of the contraction
37
T Wave
Coincides with the recovery phase of the ventricle
38
C6H1206 + 6O2 =
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
39
Circulatory system
The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.
40
Cardiovascular system
The heart and the vessels
41
Right side of the heart
Brings in oxygen-poor blood and pumps into lungs
42
Left side of the heart
Brings in oxygen rich blood and pumps it to the body
43
Pulse
Caused by rhythmic change in blood pressure
44
Atherosclerosis
Due to a blockage in a blood vessel
45
Antibodies
What B cells produce; they destroy antigens
46
Blood Pressure
A wave of fluid pressure in the arteries
47
Arteriosclerosis
A hardening of the arteries
48
Sistole/systolic
heart beating/top number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is beating
49
Diastole/diastolic
Heart at rest/bottom number with blood pressure meaning pressure when heart is at rest
50
Universal blood donor
Type O
51
Universal recipient
Type AB
52
Antigen
Molecules that are recognized as foreign to our body (usually bacteria and viruses)
53
Most/least common blood type
Most - 0+ | Least - AB-
54
Heart Failure
When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the bodies needs
55
Plasma - Characteristics
Made of 90% water and 10% minerals, sugar, proteins, and other substances, it is a straw colored liquid where WBC, RBC and platelets are found
56
Plasma - Function
Controls body temperature, regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume, fights viruses, is necessary for blood to clot
57
Red Blood Cells - Characteristics
Erythrocytes: Most numerous cells in blood, crimson color from hemoglobin, disks that are thinner in the center, circulate for about 120 days
58
Red Blood Cells - Function
Transports oxygen with hemoglobin
59
Heart Attack
Heart muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen
60
Lymphatic system
A collection of organs that collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood and fight infections
61
Hypertension
High blood pressure
62
White Blood Cells - Characteristics
Leukocytes: not confined to blood vessels and outnumber RBC 1000 to 1
63
Cellular Respiration
C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
64
White Blood Cells - Function
Guard against infections, fight parasites, attack bacteria
65
Hemoglobin
A protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in capillary networks
66
Platelets - Characteristics
Made of small fragments of bone marrow and become sticky when by open blood vessels
67
Lymph
The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes, it drains into the large neck gains of the cardiovascular system
68
Lymphatic capillaries
Smallest vessels to collect lymph (extracellular fluid) around the cell
69
Bone marrow
Place where lymphocytes are made
70
Platelets - Function
Works with plasma proteins to clot blood
71
Lymph nodes
Small, bean shaped masses of tissues that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph. Located in neck, groin and armpits
72
Killer T Cells
A lymphocyte that surrounds and destroys pathogens; made in the thymus
73
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that helps the body fight pathogens
74
B Cells
A lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attach to pathogens and destroy them; made in red bone marrow
75
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ located in upper left of abdomen (purple fist sized): stores and produces lymphocytes and monitors, destroys, stores and produces blood cells
76
Thymus
Located behind sternum: produces killer T cells (reduces 2% each year)
77
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue found in nasal cavity and the back of your mouth: defends body against infection, traps pathogens, sometimes they are removed by a surgeon and shrink as you get older
78
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment
79
Breathing
Inhaling and exhaling air
80
Respiratory system
A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
81
Nose
Main passage way into and out of the respiratory system: hairs filter out large particles, tissue warms the air before it enters the lungs
82
Pharynx
Throat: food and drink also travel down the pharynx to the stomach but branches into two tubes: larynx and esophagus
83
Epiglotis
Trap door that keeps food out of the larynx
84
Larynx
Contains vocal chords which vibrate when air flows over them and make noise
85
Trachea
Windpipe: a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
86
Bronchi
The two split branches of the trachea that connect to each lung
87
Bronchioles
Branches off the bronchi
88
Alveoli
Small sacs in the lungs which the bronchioles branch into
89
Alveolus (singular)
Where the gases exchange
90
Diffusion
Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Heart, Breathing, Lymphatic (1 decks)

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