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Activity, Diet & Weight Control > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Control centre for appetite in the brain?

A

Appestat

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2
Q

Appestat is located where in the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

FFA stands for what?

A

Free Fatty Acids

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis is what?

A

Development of fatty plaques in the arteries

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5
Q

lipidaemia/lipaemia is what?

A

Presence of fat in the blood

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6
Q

How does fasting effect metabolism & blood fat levels?

A

Slow metabolism & increase blood fat levels

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7
Q

What is the name of fat stored in fat cells?

A

Triglyceride

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8
Q

3 molecules of fatty acid and 1 molecule of glycerol make what?

A

Triglyceride

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9
Q

What hormone stimulates lipase production?

A

Epinephrine

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10
Q

What does Epinephrine do?

A

Stimulates receptors in the fat cell membrane to activate the enzyme lipase

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11
Q

When exercise begins where is the initial source of energy from?

A

Intermuscular fat

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12
Q

When intermuscular fat is depleted what is the next source of fat?

A

Adipose tissue

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13
Q

When is lactic acid produced?

A

When the breakdown of muscle glycogen to pyruvic acid exceeds the ability of the mitochondria to process the pyruvate

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14
Q

What is it called when lactic acid is produced?

A

Second Lactate Threshold

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15
Q

Lactic acid does what to energy sources?

A

Switches the body to carbohydrates over fats

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16
Q

What happens to the second lactate threshold as fitness increases?

A

It is delayed, increasing endurance and time fat can be used as a fuel

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17
Q

Blood lipids typically refers to what?

A

Cholesterol and triglycerides

18
Q

Blood lipids are associated with what issues

A

Coronary Heart Disease

19
Q

CHD stands for what?

A

Coronary Heart Disease

20
Q

What are Chylomicrons?

A

Large clumps of triglycerides

21
Q

What removes most of the excess triglycerides from the blood?

A

The Liver

22
Q

What can reduce fat levels in the blood?

A

Exercise or reduced intake

23
Q

Why does exercise help reduce fat levels in the blood?

A

By increasing the capacity of muscle fibers in taking up and oxidize fatty acids

24
Q

What happens to excess fat in the blood.

A

Deposited in the adipose tissue or removed by the liver

25
Q

What is a likely by-product of fat filtration by the liver

A

Cholesterol

26
Q

What is the optimal heart rate window for fat oxidisation?

A

68%-79%

27
Q

Is it better to eat before or after exercise for weight loss? Why?

A

After because carbohydrates before exercise reduce the contribution of fat to energy expenditure

28
Q

Cholesterol performs what four important functions?

A
  • helps to form the structure of the cell membranes
  • produces bile, which aids fat digestion
  • produces steroid hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone
  • produces vitamin D from sunlight.
29
Q

Cholesterol is formed of what two main parts?

A

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

30
Q

What is a normal percentage split of LDL to HDL?

A

75% LDL to 25% HDL

31
Q

Which Lipoprotein is referred to as ‘Bad Cholesterol’?

A

LDL

32
Q

What contributes to raised LDL levels?

A

Excess alcohol intake and high consumption of foods rich in saturated fat.

33
Q

How does dietary cholesterol get to the blood?

A

Through the small intestine and then via the lymph system

34
Q

Excess LDL in the blood can cause what?

A

Atherosclerotic plaques.

35
Q

What can lower Atherosclerotic plaque levels in the blood?

A

Exercise

36
Q

What does increased muscle mass do to the metabolism

A

Increases base metabolic rate

37
Q

How much does 1lb of muscle effect the basal metabolic rate?

A

1lb increase = 10 additional calories per day

38
Q

What is the glycaemic index?

A

The rate at which carbohydrate foods are digested (broken down into glucose)

39
Q

What has a GI ranking of 100?

A

Pure Glucose

40
Q

How much should an average male drink in a day?

A

2 litres

41
Q

What are 6 effects of dehydration?

A
  • dizziness and headache
  • rapid heartbeat and impaired cardiac function
  • reduced blood flow to the muscles
  • impaired kidney function
  • decreased ability to sweat
  • loss of muscle glycogen stores.

Activity, Diet & Weight Control (2 decks)

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