Deck 4 (Audio needed) Flashcards
(20 cards)
a Comet noun
Definition: An object in the solar system consisting of a dense nucleus of frozen gases and dust, developing a luminous halo and tail near the sun.
Usage:
– Comets travel around the sun in an immense elongated orbit with a tail made up of dust and ice.
– The astronomer, Meech, called it a Manx comet, after a breed of cat without a tail.
– Saturn’s rings are made of pieces of comets, asteroids, or moons.
– She came to the Hollywood scene qucikly and rose to stardom like a comet
Your Age? Have you heard of Halley’s Comet? It is significant because it is only available every 76 years. Mr. Gerry saw it back in 1986. It next comes back in 2061. How old will you be when it comes? Photo is of Halley back in 1986.
Make a comment telling us your age when it comes back.
Comet n.
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Myths / Mythology
A myth is a story about the olden days, often featuring supernatural characters. While mythology is a bunch of myths that are related to each other.
— In South America the indigenous people have a myth that the gods built the mountain chain called the Andres.
— The myth that all tax increases are bad. It is not always true.
— Greek mythology is filled with tales about relationships between gods and humans.
Myths / Mythology
Do you feel pretty good about the meaning and use of tehese two words? Rate yourself,
Authumn n. / Autumnal adj.
au-ˈtəm-nəl
— Autumn is one of the four seasons of the year.
— Anything autumnal has to do with autumn.
— Leaves changing colors are autumnal.
— It is in late September but that the chill in the air is a sign authumn is coming.
Favorite Season ? Which season is your favorite and why? “I like them all but my least favorite is summer. I don’t like the heat. What do you like about that season?”~ Mr Gerry. What About you? Please Comment.
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Authumn n. / Autumnal adj.
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Stricken / adj. or verb
Stricken means “overwhelmed’ by emotion, desease or events”
— Stricken with grief, she wrapped her arms around her knees and began to cry.
— The family was so stricken by fear of bedbugs that they cancelled their hotel reservation and just slept in their car.
Query: When the boy saw the pretty new girl at school smiling at him, he was so stricken he walked right into the wall. Perhaps, smitten would be a better word than stricken in this sentence. It means means overwhelmed or struck by something, usually love.
Stricken / adj. or v.
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Shield n / Sheilded v
– The knight carried a heavy shield into battle.
– The sudden brightness blinded her, and she shielded her eyes.
— The nuclear reactor needs three feet of lead shielding to prevent radiation from escaping.
a Definitions or Usage We never gave a defintion for Shield were you still able to understand it.
Shield n / Sheilded v
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Perish v. / Perishable adj.
To die or be destroyed, especially in a quick violent manner or gradually.
— The dinosaurs perished from the earth 60 million years ago.
– Many ancient languages have perished over time.
Also used with food that will decay in time,
— Our perishable fruits and vegetables.we always put in the fridge as quick as we can.
Perish v. / Perishable adj.
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Grammar Bits: Transitive and Intransitive verbs
Transitive: A transitive verb is a type of action verb that transfers its action to another noun called a direct object.
Usage:
— Thomas hit the ball. — The teacher taught a lesson. Hit and taught are transitive verbs and they send energy to their direct objects.
Intransitive: An Intransitive verb is an action that can stand alone. — The baby laughs. — Cheryl Cried. — The horse runs fast.
In all these sentences, there is no object and the action is self-contained.
a Why Learn Grammar? It helps us become more conscious of the flow of meaning,
Transitive and Intrasitive verbs
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Extinguish / verb
To put out (a fire, for example)
— Extinguish a candle.
Or to put an end to or destroy:
— Keep water, dirt, or sand nearby toextinguishthe fire if necessary.
— Hope for our safety was slowlyextinguished as the storm got worse.
Extinguish / v.
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a - the ‘e’ added Breath n. / Breathe v.
Breath n : The air of your lungs or the ability to breathe
Examples:
— The singer took a deep breath.
– The runner was out of breath
Breathe v.
To inhale and exhale air:
– As we climbed higher, it got harder to breathe
Idioms: — The first breath of spring
Idioms are phrases or expressions having a special meaning that cannot be understood from the individual meanings of their words;
– A piece of cake for when something is easily done. Or *Break the ice *when trying to make a new friend or start something new.
Breath noun / Breathe verb
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Threshold / n.
A threshold is what you step across when you enter a room. When you’re about to start something new, you’re also on a threshold.
— You know when you cross that threshold, there’s no going back.
— I could barely hear the bird calls, for they were at the threshold of my hearing.
— Crossing the threshold into the bathroom, she paused to look at herself in the mirror with a grimace.
a Query: Could you guess what grimace’ means? . Check your guess by asking your phone to define ‘grimace’ ? Be an active learner. Comment if you like.
Threshold /n.
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Backfire n / Backfired v
Backfire: In a gasoline engine, an explosion of fuel that ignites too soon or an explosion of unburned fuel in the exhaust system.
— The backfire from the old car was so loud we jumped in fright.
Or in firefighting a controlled fire started in the path of a raging fire to deprive it of fuel and slow its growth. — The firefighters started a backfire on the northern ridge.
Backfired
To lead to a result opposite to that intended, as in their scheme to raise funds,
— The scheme backfired and everybody lost money.
Trasitivity Revisted: Backfired is an action without an object. — It backfired. Thus, it is an intransitive verb.
Backfire n / Backfired v
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Ethics n. / Ethical adj.
Conforming to accepted standards of right behavior or conduct:
— Ethics itself Is a set of principles of right conduct, a system of moral values.
— The code of medical ethics keeps patient records confidential.
— It is not considered ethical for a lawyer to represent both sides in a dispute.
— The ethical standards of right and wrong are a part of all religions.
Chemical n / adj
Definition:
As an adjective: Relating to chemistry, a chemical discovery, or a chemical symbol.
Noun: A substance obtained by or used in a chemical process.
Usage: Chemical
– There are over 100 chemicals in the periodic chart
– Tara, our cat for 14 years, was dying. We went to the vet to put her to sleep with a chemical injection. “I remember her eyes as she died . . . so Trusting of me she was.”
a Tara, I still remember your eyes as they closed . . gazing at me . . . so trusting, so loving.
— “In these sound files I am oten giving examples of how the spoken word does add more meaning and feeling to what is written. “ Mr.Gerry
Chemical n / adj
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Threatening v.
To utter a threat against someone or imply threats:
— A threatening phone call.
To be a source of danger or menace:
— Landslides threatened the mountain village:
To give signs of warning of danger:
— If the infection reaches the bloodstream, it can be life threatening
Threatening v.
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Shatter v.
shattered, shattering, shatters
Definitions:
– To break into pieces; smash or burst.
– To damage seriously.
– To destroy beyond hope of repair; ruin: shattered his hopes.
Examples
– Glass will be heavier and easier to shatter.
– Strong and durable, they are nearly impossible to shatter.
– It was a shattering experience.
Recall: A Query as. you recall is just to get you thinking about something not to be formally answered. Just something to ponder.
a Query? Doesn’t ‘Shatter’ sound like what it means. What about the word ‘Stupid’. Maybe it is not the sound of the letters of the word themselves but how we say it that gives it that direct feeling of meaning. What do you think?
Shatter v.
shattered, shattering, shatters
— Rate how well you know this word group —
Destructive Pair-Opposites Constructive
Causing destruction; ruinous. Constructive is just the opposite.
– The coastal residents sought shelter from the destructive storm.
— Destructive criticism does not offer helpful recommendations.
— You can manage anger destructively or constructively.
— Managing anger destructively is actually allowing your anger to manage you..
a Pairs Opposites: Often we seem to learn words with their opposites. It is as if the opposite is in the background helping to fill the whole of the meaning. One word evokes the other.
Consider: Horizontal & Vertical ~ Good & Bad ~ Active & Passive. This process is almost like art, with the foreground and background operating. together. Somehow in our brains they are connected.
Destructive / Constructive
Pair Opposites
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The suffix “ness” is used to create nouns that describe a state, condition, or quality:
— For example the quality of being red is redness; of being sad is sadness; of being clean cleanliness;
Other Ones: Kindness: Bitterness; Meanness; Usefulness; and Worthiness. You get the idea.
The suffix “ness”
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a Authentic adj./Authenticate v.
The adjective authentic describes something that is real or genuine and not counterfeit.
— If you are going to buy a diamond ring, you want an authentic diamond and not glass, a fake diamond.
Also, something reliable, based on fact, and believable.
— If you have to write a research paper for school, be sure to use authentic facts and figures.
— When you authenticate something, you establish that it’s the real thing. If you authenticate a painting, for example, you’re sure that it’s an original work, not a copy.
Authentic adj./Authenticate v.
~ Rate how well you understand this word family.~.
Ceremony n / Ceremonies
A formal act or set of formal acts established by custom or authority as proper to a special occasion, such as a wedding, religious rite, etc.
– The wedding ceremony begins at 2 pm, followed by the reception at 6 pm.
– He opened the door without ceremony and strode strode right in.
– As we introduce our friends to our relatives, we all have an informal ceremony in introducing our names.
The Apaches: Mr.Gerry’s Favorite Ceremony is with the Apaches along the Gila River complete with smoke and fire smudging and cleansing. And lots of drumming !
Ceremony n / Ceremonies
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Lobbyist / n.
lob·by·ist — ˈlä-bē-ist
A lobbyist is someone hired by a business or a cause to persuade legislators to support that business or cause.
Lobbyists get paid to win favor from politicians.
— For example, oil companies send lobbyists to Washington to try to make life easier for oil companies.
What lobbyist do sounds kind of shady as it often involves fancy dinners or expensive gifts but it’s just one way to get your voice heard by our elected officials. It could be promoting anything, cancer research or housing for the homeless.
Lobbyist / n.
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