Deck1

Question 1

functionalist perspective

Answer 1

society is one unit made up of connecting parts

Question 2

What are 2 compontents of functionalism, define

Answer 2

Structure - how parts fit to make the whole

Function - what each part does, how it contributes to whole

Question 3

Robert Merton study

Answer 3

function - beneficial consequences
dysfunction - harmful consequences
manifest functions - stated consequences
latent functions - unconscious consequences

Question 4

conflict perspective

Answer 4

Karl Marx
society constantly generates inequality
social behavior understood in terms of tension among competing groups

Question 5

Symbolic Interactionist perspective

Answer 5

George Herbert Mead

any communication, spoken, written, gestures, images, etc is a social interaction

Question 6

feminist perspective

Answer 6

inequality between sexes

seeks to eliminate inequality between sexes

Question 7

steps in research process

Answer 7

ask question
background research
construct hypothesis
collect data
analyze data
report results

Question 8

types of research methods

Answer 8

survey - questionnaire
experiment - controlled conditions, experimental group, control group
field research - direct observation, participant observation
secondary analysis - analyze existing data
content analysis - analyze cultural artifacts/communication forms

Question 9

2 types of variables

Answer 9

dependent - variable expected to change

independent - possible cause of change

Question 10

operational definition

Answer 10

metric for a variable

Question 11

Hawthorne effect

Answer 11

subjects behavior changes because they know they’re being observed

Question 12

IRB

Answer 12

Institutional review board

approves research after ethical review

Question 13

aspects of participant care

Answer 13

informed consent
exploitation
confidentiality

Question 14

aspect of research integrity

Answer 14

accurate reporting
plagiarism
expertise
conflict of interest

Question 15

functionalist perspective on incarceration

Answer 15

compensate for failure of other institutions
negative sanction
rehabilitation

Question 16

conflict perspective on incarceration

Answer 16

product of inequality
masks effects of poverty
houses unemployed

Question 17

symbolic interaction perspective on incarceration

Answer 17

creates criminal identity

barriers to becoming law abiding citizen

Question 18

Emile Durkheim

Answer 18

studied functionalist theory of deviance
deviance contributes to stability of society
- affirms norms
- unites a group
- inspires social change

Question 19

Structural strain theory

Answer 19

Robert Merton
when people cannot reach socially accepted goals through legitimate means
leads to deviance

Question 20

five part typology of deviance

Answer 20

Conformity - accept goals and means
ritualism - reject goals, accept means
retreatism - reject goals and means
innovation - accept goals, reject means
rebellion - new goals and means

Question 21

conflict perspective on deviance

Answer 21

emphasis on unequal distribution of power

law works in interest of those with the most power

Question 22

symbolic interactionist perspective on deviance

Answer 22

study deviance at micro level

interactions

Question 23

labeling theory

Answer 23

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance

most important factor in creation of deviance is how an individual internalizes responses of others

Question 24

differential association theory

Answer 24

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance

deviance is a behavior learned through interaction with others

Question 25

social bonding theory

Answer 25

symbolic interactionist theory on deviance Walter Reckless, Travis Hirschi all are tempted to commit deviant behavior, but don't to stay attached to society

Question 26

4 components of social bonding theory

Answer 26

Attachment Commitment Involvement Belief

Question 27

situational violence

Answer 27

argument escalates to violence most common women and men equal initiators

Question 28

intimate terrorism

Answer 28

abuser controls through violence and other forms mostly male initiating most likely to destroy a life

Question 29

violet resistance

Answer 29

violent backlash against intimate terrorism | not long lasting, turn to other coping means

Question 30

totemism

Answer 30

type of religion | connection between humans and nature, ie native American religions

Question 31

animism

Answer 31

type of religion | worship non human beings which have spirits

Question 32

cult

Answer 32

recently formed religion at odds with dominant society | formed around charismatic leader

Question 33

sect

Answer 33

originate from within a dominant religion use evangelism may grow into a church over time

Question 34

church

Answer 34

larger, national/international governing body, bureaucracy, leaders

Question 35

Beveridge Model

Answer 35

govt pays for and provides medical services

Question 36

Bismark Model

Answer 36

employers/employees pay taxes, health ins private

Question 37

national health insurance

Answer 37

govt pays private providers

Question 38

Comte

Answer 38

founder of sociology, wanted to improve society

Question 39

Positivism

Answer 39

using scientific method to test sociological theories

Question 40

Harriet Martineau

Answer 40

translated Comte into English

Question 41

Karl Marx

Answer 41

conflict perspective

Question 42

Herbert Spencer

Answer 42

founder of sociology, only wanted to understand society - social darwinism

Question 43

Emile Durkheim

Answer 43

functionalist perspective

Question 44

mechanical solidarity

Answer 44

connections based on similarity of beliefs

Question 45

organic solidarity

Answer 45

social bonds among people in cities

Question 46

Jane Addams

Answer 46

sympathetic knowledge - gained from interacting directly with groups being studied founded ACLU

Question 47

Max Weber

Answer 47

studied modernization believed in rationalization - rational motives for social action Christianity reason for success of capitalism focus on efficiency of bureaucracy - everyone has different hierarchical roles, allows large orgs to run smoothly

Question 48

Du Bois

Answer 48

double consciousness - identity fragmented into contradictory facets ie Black and American

Question 49

cultural relativism

Answer 49

no one culture is right or better than another | scholar must forget their own culture when studying another

Question 50

ethnocentrism

Answer 50

see your own culture at the best compared to other cultures

Question 51

looking glass self

Answer 51

Cooley we judge ourselves based on what we think others think of us We imagine how we appear to others we imagine how others people judge us we react to imagined judgement with pride or shame

Question 52

role strain

Answer 52

conflicting expectations within the same status | ie tell a friend they are wrong and support them

Question 53

role conflict

Answer 53

occupying two status at once | ie work for friend

Question 54

category

Answer 54

a number of people with something in common, but not necessarily a group

Question 55

homogamy

Answer 55

marriage between two people of similar sociological/educational background

Question 56

folkway

Answer 56

informal norm that don't come with serious consequences when violated

Question 57

more

Answer 57

social norm that govern understanding of right and wrong

Question 58

3 categories of countries according to Wallerstein

Answer 58

Periphery - poorest; Africa, Central america, central asia semi-periphery - some infrastructure core - low poverty, industrialized economy

Question 59

Gini coefficient

Answer 59

measures income distribution