deck_1406572 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
SkinSuperficial fasciaMuscle and aponeurosesParietal peritoneum
At what spinal level is the umbilicus?
L3
What is the epigastric fossa?
Slight depression in the epigastric region, just inferior to the xiphoid process. Heartburn is commonly felt here.
What is the linea alba?
Aponeuroses of abdominal muscles, separating the left and right rectus abdominis. If the linea alba is lax, when the rectus abdominis contract the muscles spread apart
What is the arcuate line?
Point where the fibrous sheath stops 1/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the pubic crest – it disappears behind the umbilicus
What are the flat muscles that make up the abdominal wall?
External obliqueInternal obliqueTransversus abdominis
What are the vertical muscles that make up the abdominal wall?Give a particular characteristic for these muscles.
Rectus abdominisPyramidalisAre contained within the rectus sheath
What direction do the fibres of the flat muscles run in?
External – obliquely and downwardsInternal – obliquely and upwards TA – transversely
Where do the flat muscles attach?
They continue as aponeuroses and form the rectus sheath which encloses the rectus abdominis. In the midline, the opposing aponeuroses weave together from left and right and between superficial and deep layers, to form the linea alba.
Where does the linea alba extend from and to?
From the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
Why do surgeons use particular incisions?
Have to give incisions that will close and heal correctly to minimise incisional herniae. Muscle cannot be sew together as the sutures would just slice though the muscle.
What is used for a midline incision?
Suture the linea alba for a strong closure
What is used for a transverse incision?
Suture the external oblique aponeuroses
Give the features used for an appendicectomy
Incision at MrBurney’s pointUse a gridiron splitting incision
Where is McBurney’s point?
2/3rds of distance between ASIS and umbilicus
What is a gridiron incision?
Separating out the muscle fibres with scissors – do not cut them. Have to separate out through different angles for each muscle layer.
What lies under the three flat muscles?
Transversalis fascia
Describe the peritoneum
Lines abdominal cavity and lies underneath the tranversalis fascia. Produces fluid to allow for smooth movement of organs over and next to each other.
What overlies the organs?
The greater omentum – a fatty sheath. In appendicitis or infections it moves to cover and protect the healthy tissue from the infected area.
What is the name of bleeding into the rectus abdominis?
Rectus sheath haematoma– will be very painful, even more so when they use this muscle. Can diagnose with ultrasound
What is a patent urachus?
The urachus, which is the remnant of the allantois remains open, allowing urine to leave via the umbilicus.
When does a patent urachus present?
At birthIn later life when older men being to develop benign prostatic hypertrophy, leading to ladder outflow obstruction.
What is Meckels Diverticulum?
Only a portion of the vitelline duct closes, forming an out pocketing of the ileum.
Give the characteristics of Meckel’s Diverticulum
Occurs in 2% if the populationIs 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valveIs 2 inches in length2 year is the most common clinical presentation2:1 male:female ratio (true of all congenital abnormalities)Can contain ectopic gastric issue or pancreatic tissue
