deck_16944606 (1) Flashcards

Question

renaissance timeline 14c -17 c

Answer 1

rise of european universities and scholasticism end of some inter european conflicts revival of greco roman phil, literature and art in 14th c florence

Answer 2

cathedrals transofrmation of urban space - organizing social piazzas new social spaces (town squares) new political ideas and orders

Answer 3

biblical subjects, greco roman mythology and everyday scences realistic, perspective and emotion oil paintings pushing to commision art large collections of art

Answer 4

ancient greco roman traditions grammar rhetoric poetry history ethics greek/latin human reason and achievement while also nodding to the divine

Answer 5

scientific rev medicine and bio da vinci advances from islamic secular music w religious themes vernacular language

Answer 6

global consumption shift away from older christian ethics of frugality and ascetiscm islamic craftsmanship surpassed european goods but reversed in 1450 w renaissance and advance

Answer 7

renaissance immigrants to florence BANKING FAMILY informal power got more influence popes sharp decline in 17th c

Answer 8

buisness movabale type printing, china, korea, scibes for the mongols gutenberg rev edu and lit

Answer 9

***humanism** - humans at center- giving meaning to **self consumer culture** and want g**lobal goods** **protestant reformation,** scientific revolution, etc

Answer 10

- indian ocean trade between east africa, middle east and west indian coast -chinese explore w admiral zheng he -portugese begin exploring west africa 1440s 1497 vasco da gama rounds sourth tip of africa 1505 portugese sieze port cities in africa and indian ocean (lots of trade in indian ocean, zheng he picks up chinese exploration, portugese pic up exploration, round southern tip, seize ports of africa)

Answer 11

arab traders big in indian ocean port cities of yemen was a good stoping point, ethiopian cities

Answer 12

eastern roman empire/byzantine empire since 4th c byzatnine had been in decline since 13c bc of religious tension, taxes ottomans emerge and begin slowly taking bysantine territory

Answer 13

byzantine leaders undermined the ottomans efforts of catholic orthodox unity -bosphorous straits access constantinople was in the heart of ottoman territory "white whale"/red apple - was going after constantinople for a while securing sultan Mehmed's rule

Answer 14

B was supported by western europe but lost theodosian walls massive canons and gun powder ottomans had gun powder early

Answer 15

constantinope was repurposed into islamic capital city repop city heterogenous empire big trade

Answer 16

revival of helenistic ideas in western rueope interest in greek philosophy and lit in western europe seige of vienna huge number of non muslims

Answer 17

iberian penninsula islamic dynasties -science and philosophy flourished elaborate art and architecture coexist of religions undermined by reconquista battle of las navas de toloa antisemitism spanish inquisition - enforce catholic orthodoz converting others to avoid persecution ferdinand and isabella gattle of granada successions, spain powerful and gun powder treaty- allowed mustlims to practice religion e=

Answer 18

treaty of granada gurantees for msulims ignored expelled from spain 1609 ended religious diversity in spain led to exilic traiditons

Answer 19

became new base of spanish power - for oversees exploration too ex. columbus

Answer 20

migration and growth of heterogenous empires require states to mange socail diff migration, shapes world history in profound and sometimes unexpected ways

Answer 21

many city state and kingdoms along east africa many muslim

Answer 22

west indian state gujarat- home to hindus and msulim merchants who made goods for trade moneyleanders= bankers

Answer 23

malacca strait benefitted from strategic alliances hub for trade linking china and southeast asia and indian ocean

Answer 24

-spieces from southeast asia -horses from arabia manufacturing goods and textiles slaves gold, ivoory grains and dyes yemen manufactured goods from gujarat and calicut

Answer 25

dhows - ships wealthy merchant calss spread of islam 0 conversion and assimilation some slavery

Answer 26

to trade or not to trade kublai khan -song dynasty pursued indian ocean trade ming emperor defeated mongols yongle wanted to show authority in southeast 11403 fleet of ships yongle was servant and friend of zheng he zheng he voyages to make ties

Answer 27

emperor yingzong --> 1435

Answer 28

urbanization, economic and social reasons, struggle for control over med, curiosity, missionary zeal

Answer 29

navigational technologies gunpowder and weapon manufacturing ship building down w africa - make model empires - cold coast and kingdom of benin --> then round tip of africa king manual declares himself lord of conquest naviation and commerce of --- * new indian power in indian ocean

Answer 30

-sought to est trading monopoly -bc chinese tributary collapsed portugal was archipelago wealth -scrambled local power dynamics but -difficult to administer and police coral reefs can fully monopolize indian ocean trade

Answer 31

-- powerful muslim empires in eurasia 16c most dom alt to the ruopean imperial model =ottomans savavids and mughals

Answer 32

muslim gunpowder weapons strong political institution cultural florishing cities - and agarian pops

Answer 33

babur came out of the mongol and timurid empires conquered others like samarkand after baburs - son Akbar expanded the empire managed diverse pops had ties to local laders good admin and military relgigous tolerance STRONG EMPIRE

Answer 34

advanced staus of women expanded indian ocean trade culture urbanization arts and sciences

Answer 35

came from sufi grew more militant 1500s conquered surrounding territories including west iran capital in tabriz wanted to convery predominatly sunni pop into shi ism - diff from ottomans and mongols

Answer 36

strong centralized military - effective admin - architectural- city of trade place of transit building on persian traidtions

Answer 37

religious differences ottoman stopped safavid advances borderlands treat of zuhab set boundaries

Answer 38

rose as other empires declines like byzantine gunpowder weapons system of land management distinct fighting force

Answer 39

mehmed and constantinople demographic changes governed a vast, multiethnic, multi religious predominantly agarian pop suleiman the magnificent pressed into europe clashed w some europeans in med sea but also developed some alliances

Answer 40

calligraphy sciences arts ottoman cafes and meddahs architecture - symmerty and large domes

Answer 41

merchants in large cosmopolitan cities no sig overseas expanson or oceanic trade

Answer 42

gunpowder- expansion focused on land aquisiion conquered and integrated people less itnerest in conversion little interest in oceanic voyages european model expansion focused on market and resources little desire to integrate ppl wanted ppl to convert robust transoceanic navies made joint stock companies

Answer 43

predominantly agarian gunpowder weapons absolute rule soverighty and new forms of state craft

Answer 44

1511 spaniards conqure cuba (by cortes) -supposed to explore mexico but cortes defies orders and seeks to conquer enter tenochtitlan arrest moctezuma who eventually dies spanish are expelled from tenochtitlan 1521 - spanish reconquer mexico

Answer 45

portugese prince henry goes farther down w africa coast slave plantations emerge aztec and incas created vast expansionist empires ferdinand and isabelle conquer muslim spain columbus 1492 treaty of tordesillas 1494 - est portugese and spains land conquering rules realize arrival on continent not indies

Answer 46

cortes _spanish 1521 conquers the aztecs pizarro - spanish conquest of incas in 1534 1534 portugese colonize brazil mapuche resist in chile limited exploration in north america

Answer 47

1522 ferdinand magellan circumnavigate the globe spanish return to cebu and est new colony, new cap manilla

Answer 48

based on international legal claims "legal" and religious basis for empires subjecthood complicated emphasis on resource extraction - spanish -take gold and silver -portugese - take brazilwood and sugar cane encomiedna system based on forced labor limited reforms relied on migration intial settlements were small outposts- eventually settler colonialism

Answer 49

16c three models conquest, trade, setller colonialsm

Answer 50

missionaries travel w european trader - converting to catholicism nkuwu and son alfonso in kingdom of kongo facilitated trade, including burgeoning atllantic slave trade

Answer 51

catholic missonary efforts expanded w founding of jesuits in 1534 by ignatius of loyola unsucessful in the indian ocean but some in goa francis xavier focused on slaves and people from lower castes mixed resutls in china and japan

Answer 52

crusader mentality - think ferdinand and isabella proselytization was tied to colonial conquest some indigenous ppl converted by own will but many did not in phillipines - v successful christianizing spanish conquistadors arrived 1565 and manila became an capital in 1571 spanish priests arrived and learned tagalog

Answer 53

global spread of christiantiy = early effort to homogenize world and idealogically religious conversion is complex and some older practices and traditions endre

Answer 54

not just exchange of goods beginning of homogenizing the globe ecological imperialism - european diseases, plants and animals spreading and displacing people

Answer 55

columbis brought ships of seeds european colonists had to embrace american staple crops some crops introduced and became lucrative plantation industries ex. sugar cane also bring invasive species

Answer 56

domesticated animals in americas - pre columbus bring horses, pigs, dogs, lots of breeding animals gave conquistadors advantage cattle overgraze and destroy native crops

Answer 57

deadly pathogens to native amiercans - no resistance to small pox small pox wiped out half of taino population biological exchange benefited europeans

Answer 58

earths ecology became more homogenous after 1492 less ecological diversity between hemispheres global availability to goods

Answer 59

establishing sovereignty through mass migration of ppl displacement of indigenous discourses of wilderness and development - theological or civilizational comp expanding authorty and influence of core countries

Answer 60

spanish reconquista - muslims driven into moreias atlantic islands spanish canary islands - treaty of alcacovas settler enterprises underwritten by wealthy/powerful groups, sponsored by the crown

Answer 61

britain sent settlers in 12c and 16/17c rebellions were crushed and english plantations built on rebel lands Desmond rebellion 1583 ulster resistance to the Tudors irish catholics continue to suffer defeat battle of boyne english strats to contorl irelnds

Answer 62

fisheries and trading posts Newfoundland - beothuk people maine/acadia settled by britain and french small enclaves of homes

Answer 63

plymouth bay and mass bay emerge for religious reasons rapid expansion of settler pop got land throuhg war or purchase/negotiate expense of native mass and indigenous ppls

Answer 64

britain and french settler colonialism intensified 1740s military and conflict w native pops proclamation of 1763 - restricted expansion west of appalachian mts sometimes tension between settlers and colonially sanctioned govs (bacons rebellion) -between colonists and gov that led to more slave labor

Answer 65

tension between spanish crown and settlers new spain mexico city was captial of new spain emphasis on catholicism pop inlcuded indigenous ppls, spanish and protugese and africans spanish born ppl were minority

Answer 66

19c extremely violent europeans settling in souther africa 1652 facilitated dutch trade from europe to asia trade w native was inadequate expansion came at expense ov eppl like khoekhoe ppl 18c cape colony governed by britain

Answer 67

russian expansion of eastern settlements undercut serfdom and provided haven for starovertsky - old believes russian settlements in asia devestated native pops new opps after defeating crimean khanate in 1772

Answer 68

portugese angola - white colonost settle in 1576 - limited expansion till 19c australia arthur philip in new south wales many similarities but no singular model

Answer 69

french algeria liberia american west alaska kenya namibia ethiopia israiel- palestine

Answer 70

An empire simply moving some of its people elsewhere Empires and settlers are usually on the same page Often tension Settler colonists are all rapacious and unsympathetic Moving for other reasons like french fleeing violence in france How can there be settler colonialism if there are still indigenous peoples Settler colonialism is just in the past Legacies

Answer 71

Settler colonialism brought new areas into the emerging world system of nation- states and global capitalism  Large-scale migration of peoples; displacement of indigenous peoples  Sovereignty can be complex  Violent aspect of globalization

Answer 72

Annihilation, marginalization, or ghettoization of Indigenous Peoples Large-scale Expulsion of Settlers Hybridity (settlers and indigenous people remain)

Answer 73

trans saharan slavery since 10c older african models were diff than chattel slavery - concept of propery in african kingdoms plantations were rare soldiers servants construction workers more of a status symbol

Answer 74

small powerful african polities slavery gov by legal structures kingdom of dahomey relied on slave trade w europeans

Answer 75

zimbabwe and bantu states linked swahili ports w atlantic ports fought for control of gold and trade routes lunda territorial expansion facilitated capture and trade of slaves - merchant warior class in congo

Answer 76

portugese pursued raids to est colonies then did shipboard trade and factory trade - enslave ppl and take to camps/ships colony og angola 1575

Answer 77

europeans enslaved indigenous people s -disease lregal reform and restrictions on the encomienda = couldnt on natives fewer qualms about africans

Answer 78

portugese angola purchased from african sellers warfare banditry judicial decisions lots of time left to african kingdom to decide

Answer 79

largest forced migration in history high mortality rates most from west africa majority men for sugar plantations in brazil and carribean n america eventually slave populations were self sustaining enslaved africans outnumbered europeans in americas for long time peak in 18c

Answer 80

overcrowded unsanitary -poor conditions 2-3 months from central west africa to caribbean dehumanizing diminished indigenous african lanugages hybrdi african diasporic culture

Answer 81

max profits in extractive industries - rise in global comodities -recover raw materials and turn into products plantations were big factor early models in canary islands and sao tome brazils sugar planations 1530-1888 barbados was extremely violent

Answer 82

slave labor force continued migration large scale capitalist enterprises semi feudal relied on foriegn trade colonial societies

Answer 83

slow work and sabotage maroon communities -slaves ran away and statrted own communities btoh a product of globe and resistance armed resistance - jolofs in new spain revolts in barbadoes US virgin islands , jamaica, haiti tacky's rebellion in jamaica - slave revolt and takcy had military training

Answer 84

glbalization is often violent stolen labor built several american coutnries including the US transfering wealth to colonial metroples depopualted and underdeveloped africa undermined indigenous african cultures while forging new hybdrid cultural identities profound moral dilemmas for western liberalism

deck_16944606 (1) Flashcards

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