deck_2702549-5 Flashcards
(34 cards)
External Nose
• Pyramidal, external part of nasal cavity (tip of nose is apex of pyramid)• Includes nasal bones and parts of frontal and maxillary bones• Includes parts of alar cartilages and part of septal cartilage• Has external openings (nares)
External naris
• Paired, oval, external openings of nasal cavity separated by the nasal septum• Walls supported by cartilage alar and septal cartilagesAlso known as:• “Nostril”Comment:• Naris widened further by actions of related facial muscles
Ala of nose
Lateral wall of nostril; composed of skin and alar cartilages
Frontal Sinus
Located on frontal bone, superior to orbitDescription:• Paired, mucous membrane-lined cavity• One of paranasal air sinusesComment:• Drains into middle nasal meatus via frontonasal duct• Common site of sinus infection• Contributes to voice resonance• Paranasal sinuses include: frontal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses, and ethmoidal cells (sinus)
Frontal Lobe
Frontal lobeLocated on anterior portion of cerebral hemisphereDescription:• Extends from anterior pole of brain to central sulcus• Contains precentral gyrusFunction:• Controls voluntary motor activity• Higher mental processing• Emotional behavior• Speech output (i.e., Broca’s area - usually in left hemisphere)
Frontonasal duct
Located between frontal sinus and nasal cavityDescription:• Bony channel• Superior opening in frontal sinus• Continues in middle nasal meatus as ethmoidal infundibulum
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Description:• Thin, vertical projection of ethmoid in nasal cavityComment:• Forms superior part of nasal septum• Articulates with vomer and nasal septal cartilage
Middle nasal meatus
Location:• Inferior and lateral to middle nasal conchaDescription:• Narrow space that contains openings of anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells, and maxillary and frontal sinuses• Contains ethmoidal bulla and semilunar hiatusFunction:• Nasal mucosa that lines meatus warms, filters, and humidifies inhaled air
Middle Nasal Concha
Located in lateral wall of nasal cavityDescription:• Shelf-like projection of ethmoid bone covered by thick mucosaFunction:• Increases surface area of nasal cavity• Warms, filters, humidifies inhaled air
Nasal Cavity
• Located between hard palate and base of skullDescription:• Paired cavities separated by nasal septum lined with mucous membrane• Has anterior openings (nares) and posterior openings (choanae)• Conchae on lateral wallFunction:• Warm, filter, and humidify inhaled air• Olfaction (smell)Comment:• Part of upper respiratory tract• Mucosa has respiratory and olfactory parts
Nasal Septum
• Midline of nasal cavity Description:• Midline structure formed by perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, and nasal septal cartilage• Covered on each side by mucosaComment:• Commonly deviated from midline, impacting airflow
Inferior nasal concha
• Lateral wall of nasal cavityDescription:• Shelf-like projection of ethmoid bone covered by thick mucosaFunction:• Increases surface area of nasal cavity• Warms, filters, humidifies inhaled airComment:• Superior and middle nasal conchae are part of ethmoid bone while inferior nasal concha is a separate bone
Vomer
• Midline of nasal cavityDescription:• Plow-shaped boneComment:• Forms posterior and inferior part of nasal septum• Articulates with septal cartilage and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Inferior nasal meatus
• Located inferior and lateral to inferior nasal conchaDescription:• Narrow space that contains opening of nasolacrimal ductFunction:• Nasal mucosa that lines meatus warms, filters, and humidifies inhaled air
Hard Palate
• Located between oral and nasal cavitiesDescription:• Horizontal, bony plate formed by palatine and maxillary bones• Covered by thick mucosa
Buccal Fat Pad
Description:• Globular, encapsulated fat body• Prominent in infants Function:• Prevents collapse of cheeks during suckling
Oral Cavity
Description:• Two parts: oral vestibule and oral cavity proper• Oral vestibule is space between lips and cheeks (superficial) and teeth and gingivae (deep)• Oral cavity proper is space between maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) dental arches• Floor is tongue; roof is hard palateFunction:• Functions in mechanical digestion (mastication, i.e., chewing), chemical digestion (initial stage of polysaccharide digestion), taste (via the tongue), ventilation (breathing), and phonation (speaking)Also known as:• Buccal cavity or mouth
Buccinator
• Compression of cheek (e.g., inflating a balloon; playing a wind musical instrument)• innervated by Facial nerve (CN VII)
Tongue
Description:• Muscular organ with thick mucous membrane containing taste buds• Intrinsic muscles alter shape; extrinsic muscles move tongue• Dense concentration of papillae gives dorsal surface “felt-like” appearance• Divided by V-shaped sulcus terminalis into anterior (oral) part and posterior (pharyngeal) part• Anterior part has median furrow, posterior part is nodular due to presence of lingual tonsils• Lingual frenulum connects tongue to floor of mouthFunction:• Mastication (chewing), deglutition (swallowing), and phonation (production of speech sounds)Comment:• Extrinsic muscles: genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus
Orbit
Description:• Pyramidal space with roof, floor, and medial and lateral walls• Openings include superior and inferior orbital fissures, and optic canal Also known as:• Eye socketComment:• Contains eyeball and its muscles; cranial nerves II, III, IV, V1, and VI; vasculature; lacrimal apparatus; and fat
Optic Nerve (CNII)
Special sensation:• VisionCNS connection:• Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamusCranial foramina:• Optic canal• Optic nerve formed by axons of retinal ganglion cells
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
• Six voluntary muscles that move eye• Four rectus muscles: superior, inferior, medial, and lateral• Two oblique muscles: superior and inferior
Lacrimal Gland
• Lobular gland that secretes watery lacrimal fluid (“tears”)
Ethmoidal Cells
Description:• Paired, thin-walled, mucous membrane-lined cavities• Clustered into anterior, middle, and posterior cells• One of paranasal air sinusesAlso known as:• Ethmoidal air cellsComment:• Posterior ethmoidal cells open into superior nasal meatus• Anterior and middle ethmoidal cells open into middle nasal meatus• Paranasal sinuses include: frontal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses, and ethmoidal cells (sinus)
