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Question 1

Pythagoras

Answer 1

Ancient Greek philosopher credited with the observation of different note frequencies and the mathematical way to find them. Inventor of monochord. “Walking through market….”

Question 2

tetrachord

Answer 2

4 adjunct notes

Question 3

Genera

Answer 3

tetrachord spans a 4th but can have different options. Diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic (inner notes moving).

Question 4

Greek instruments

Answer 4

Lyre and Kithara (Apollonian), Aulos (Dionysian).

Question 5

Greater Perfect System

Answer 5

shares a tone between two conjunct tetrachords (tetrachord-note-tetrachord). 4 tetrachords (equals an 2 octave span)

Question 6

Lesser Perfect system

Answer 6

Three conjunct tetrachords

Question 7

Boethius

Answer 7

Author of “De Institutione Musica” of three classifications of music: Musica Mondana, Musica Humana, Musica Instrumentalis

Question 8

Doctrine of Ethos

Answer 8

Ancient Greek theory of how music affects human behavior and emotions

Question 9

Apollonian

Answer 9

Noble, ethical, righteous, Perfect Order after the Apollo God of Sun, Music, Poetry.

Question 10

Dionysian

Answer 10

Chaotic, Sexual, Women, God of fertility and wine

Question 11

Direct Presentation

Answer 11

In church, Everyone singing in unison

Question 12

Responsorial Presentation

Answer 12

In Church, One person sings and the group responds

Question 13

Antiphonal Presentation

Answer 13

In Church, Two groups singing in response to each other

Question 14

St. Augustine

Answer 14

“Poor St. Augustine” Struggled with the morality of music in church. Pro: brings new comers to church. Con: fear of gratifying senses over god.

Question 15

Pope Gregory

Answer 15

“Had the dove singing the songs of God into his ear”. Promoted Unity throughout the church and trained musicians in Rome and sent them abroad to spread the songs.

Question 16

Mass

Answer 16

Catholic Church Service with both spoken words and singing. 1st half teaching religion. 2nd half communion

Question 17

Mass Proper

Answer 17

Different prayers depending on the saint being celebrated that day

Question 18

Mass ordinary

Answer 18

Always the same: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Santus, Angus Dei, Ite miss set

Question 19

Divine Office

Answer 19

Performed by the monks. Recitation of prayers at certain hours of the day

Question 20

Liturgical Year

Answer 20

Starts w/ advent then christmas, then easter. Everyday of the year was dedicated to saints and Jesus.

Question 21

Greater Hours

Answer 21

Of the Divine office: Matins (mornings), Lauds (praise), Vespers (evening), Compline (complete)

Question 22

Lesser Hours

Answer 22

Of the Divine office: Prime (first hour), Terce (third hour), sext (sixth hour), none (ninth hour)

Question 23

Minnesinger

Answer 23

German minstrels

Question 24

Minnelied

Answer 24

German song. In Bar form AAB

Question 25

Haut

Answer 25

Loud or "high" Instruments to be played outside only (oboe)

Question 26

Bas

Answer 26

Soft or "low" instruments to be played indoors (lute)

Question 27

Medieval Instruments

Answer 27

Stringed: Harp, psaltery, lute (ud)Bowed: rebec, fiedel (veille), the hurdy-gurdy (organistrum)Wind: recorder, transverse flute, shawm, bagpipes, Brass instruments were not believed to be sophisticated instruments but there was the sack-buttPercussive: naker, pipe and tabor, organ, portive organ.

Question 28

Estampie

Answer 28

Instrumental Dance, basically the only widely accepted instrumental music without any words.

Question 29

Parallel Organum

Answer 29

Organum where both voices move in same direction (parallel)

Question 30

Free Organum

Answer 30

harmonically more free than parallel organum, they began using different motions 4ths, 5ths, octaves, in different ways. Cadences appear with dissonances building up to them. Notation becomes more vital.

Question 31

mutation

Answer 31

The changing of hexachords (changing of solemnization)

Question 32

Florid Organum

Answer 32

Organum that Has perfect intervals when two voices are moving together and dissonances when bottom is droning . Both parts had to know each the other for rhythmic and harmonic purposes.

Question 33

Notre Dame Polyphony

Answer 33

Rhythm came from poetry, Leonin and Perotin were most famous. Notre Dame Cathedral was very closely related to the University of Paris.

Question 34

Leonin

Answer 34

Composer at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Added to the Great Book of Organum "Magnus liber organi"

Question 35

Perotin

Answer 35

Composer at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Followed Leonin and built upon his works. Created Triplum and Quadruplum organum

Question 36

Ordo

Answer 36

Ordinus- Wave like phrase capped off by a breath.

Question 37

Cantus Firmus

Answer 37

The original chant (in the base)

Question 38

Ligature

Answer 38

Collection of notes

Question 39

Motet

Answer 39

originated from clausula discant. Is secular and a trope of a trope. Sung in different languages between characters, created an issue with syllables and rhythmic notation. Enert Franco of cologne and his new notation

Question 40

Isorythm

Answer 40

a mathematical rhythmic pattern, basic repeated rhythmic motive (talea) and repeated melodic idea (color) combined (notes and rythmn)

Question 41

Ars Nova

Answer 41

written by Franco of Calogne: Moved from only having triple rhythm (thought of as spiritual) to duple rhythms as well.

Question 42

Phillipe de Vitry

Answer 42

Featured in "Roman d' flavel" combines literature and music, and would show characters singing the motets. mostly satirical about france and the church.

Question 43

Formes Fixes

Answer 43

AbbaA: A=Same text, same musicb=new text, similar musica=same words as A but different musicBallade= aabCVielle=AbbaRondeau=ABaAabAB