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deck_3363529 Flashcards

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1
Q

Immunity came From the Latin word:

A

“Immunis” -free of

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2
Q

Free of burden of taxes or military conscription

A

Immunity (old definition)

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3
Q

Early writing (2000 BC- Mesopotamian Hero) which recorded the presence of pestilence and disease

A

Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh

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4
Q

In Egypt, it was thought to be a punishment rendering as a result of “bad deeds” or “evil thoughts”

A

Pestinence and Disease

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5
Q

They practices a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of SMALLPOX lesions

A

Chinese - 1000AD

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6
Q

While Plague was raging in Athens, he recorded that those who had contracted and recovered from the disease recognized their “immune status”

A

Thucydides - 430 BC

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7
Q

This poet wrote an account of ANTHRAX

A

Virgil

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8
Q

When was DIPHTHERIA described

A

Over 2000 years ago

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9
Q

“Father of Medicine” who outlined in detail the SYMPTOMS OF TETANUS

A

Hippocrates (460-379BC)

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10
Q

Process/practice of applying Powdered SMALLPOX Crusts and inserting them with a pin or “poking” into the skin

A

Variolation

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11
Q

Variolation was popularized in Great Britain, largely through the efforts of:

A

Mary Wortley Montagu

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12
Q

Year when Immunology began

A

1796

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13
Q

Founding Father of Immunology

A

Edward Jenner

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14
Q

He experimented on SMALLPOX VACCINE and began a pathway of discovery of the IMMUNE SYSTEM

A

Edward JennerFeat. Kim Kardashian

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15
Q

Year of THE SPREAD OF VACCINATION

A

1885

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16
Q

He developed VACCINATION; Discovered how to prepare and use attenuated disease-causing microbes as Vaccines against CHOLERA in chickens,ANTHRAX and RABIES in animals and man

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

Worked on ANAPHYLAXIS; he was one of the first to demonstrate thE protective effects of the IS could also cause great damage to the body

A

CHARLES RICHET - 1913

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18
Q

Charles Richet worked with this guy and studied on the body’s response to toxins

A

Paul J. Portier

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19
Q

He was the first to observe cellular PHAGOCYTOSIS and suggest its protective importance

A

Elie Metchnikoff - 1908

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20
Q

He developed STAINS, and described CELLS IN BLOOD. He had the first idea of ANTIBODIES as Molecular Chains on the surface of cells.

A

Paul Ehrlich

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21
Q

They both shared the Nobel Prize for their work in 1908

A

Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich

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22
Q

They discovered that Abs against Diphtheria and Tetanus poisons could be given to patients to cure them from these diseases

A

Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato -1901

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23
Q

He was awarded the first nobel prize for Medicine for his work on SERUM THERAPY

A

Emil Von Behring

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24
Q

He developed a way to make pure cultures of bacteria.

A

Robert Koch - 1905

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25
He discovered the CHOLERA bacterium
Robert Koch - 1905
26
He identified the bacillus that causes TB and describer the host's response to it.
Robert Koch - 1905
27
He discovered that Complement was involved in the lysis of Red Cells and was fixed by Antibody in immune reactions, leading to bacteria being killed.
Jules Bordet - 1919
28
His findings were later used for the development of SYPHILIS
Jules Bordet - 1919
29
He discovered the ABO bld grp and Rheesus factor (Rh antigens).
Karl Landsteiner - 1930
30
His research paved the way for successful BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS. he also made contributions to our understanding of the way in which Ab molecules combined with Ag and of the specificity of antibodies at the chemical level.
Karl Landsteiner - 1930
31
He found that many of the unpleasant symptoms of allergies are caused by HISTAMINE which produces inflammation.
Daniel Bovet - 1957
32
He showed that YELLOW FEVER is caused by a virus and that the weakened strain of the virus acts as a vaccine to protect against infection
Max Theiler - 1951
33
They were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on immunological tolerance and cellular immunity. Their work focused attention on LYMPHOCYTES as the key players in the immune response.
F. Macfarlane Burnet & Peter Medawar - 1960
34
They described the chemical structure of antibody molecules. They deduced how they have a constant region and two sites which bind to antigen.
Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman - 1972
35
They were able to explain how variations in the amino acid sequence of individual antibodies result in different binding shapes allowing them to bind the many different antigens.
Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman - 1972
36
She developed a very sensitive method for measuring the concentration of hormones in blood using specific antibodies and a radioactive antigen. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize
Rosalind Yallow - 1977
37
Rosalind Yallow worked with this guy and they discovered the association of AUTOANTIBODIES with insulin-resistant diabetes.
Solomon Berson
38
Genes that govern the antigen presenting molecules on cell surfaces
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX genes
39
They demonstrated the importance of the genes which govern the antigen presenting molecules on cell surfaces (MHC genes). These control the infection and are also very important in transplant rejection.
Baruj Benacerraf, George Snell, and Jean Dausset - 1980
40
They were both recognized for their development of the technique for making monoclonal antibodies in 1984.
Cesar Milstein and George Kohler
41
He was recognized for his important theoretical contributions to the understanding of how the immune system is controlled.
Niels K. Jerne -1984
42
Niels Jerne's ideas about antigens selecting the appropriate antibody- bearing cells paved the way for this theory:
Burnet's clonal selection theory
43
They are the latest in a long line of immunologists to be awarded the Nobel Prize they received it further work on TRANSPLANTATION immunology.
E. Donal Thomas and Joseph Murray - 1991
44
He worked on the organization of antibody genes and demonstrated how so many antibody patterns could be produced by such a limited number of genes. His ideas were also very important in understanding the structure information of the T cell receptor.
Susuni cesca- ay wala pala -1987Joke, eto for real:Susumu Tonegawa - 1987
45
He has been responsible for many of the key discoveries relating to Ag processing by macrophages. He first demonstrated that Ag processing was first necessary for the T cells to recognize an Ag
Emil Unanue
46
He introduced phagocytosis and he was awarded for his role in demonstrating that MHC genes could control the ability of an animal the mountain and immune response to a specific epitope
Baruj Benacerraf
47
He was the first to demonstrate that the thymus played a significant role in the development of the immune response
Dr. Jacques Miller
48
He demonstrated that antigen was either TRAPPED ON MACROPHAGES or on the surface of DENDRITIC cells. He showed that this Ag, when appropriately presented, caused some lymphocytes to progressively develop into PLASMA CELLS.
Dr. Gus Nossal
49
Together with Jean Lindenmann, they discovered the antiviral substance they called INTERFERON
Alic Isaacs
50
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODIES
Rodney Porter
51
He was the first to use bone marrow ALLOGRAFTS to treat leukemia patients
Donnal Thomas
52
He had devised a way of increasing TNF levels in his patients in a form of SEPTIC SHOCK. The TNF helped destroy some tumors, esp SARCOMAS - the 1st recorded form of tumor immunotherapy
William Coley
53
He was able to isolate a RETROVIRUS not from a patient w/ clinical AIDS but from a nonimmunodeficient homosexual with LYMPHADENOPATHY
Luc Montaigner
54
He and his colleagues were studying the STRUCTURE OF IgA secreted in SALIVA and demonstrated that it wasnt from the bloodstream by active transport but that it was locally synthesize in the SALIVARY GLANDS
Dr. Thomas Tomasi
55
He has played a prominent role in increasing our understanding of the mechanisms involved in allergy and anaphylaxis by analyzing these products
Frank Austen
56
He provided the experimental basis for an understanding of tolerance and he observed that some nonidentical twin cattle were incapable of an immune response against their nonidentical sibling
Ray Owen
57
An early pioneer in the study of the HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX or HLA
Jean Dausset
58
He discovered that ADAPTIVE immunity is mediated by LYMPHOCYTES
James Gowans
59
He developed the quantitative PRECIPITIN ASSAY, ushering in the ERA OF IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
Michael Heidelberger
60
He postulated the cellular origin of ANTIBODIES. He said that cells have SIDE CHAIN PROJECTIONS. He formulated the SIDE CHAIN THEORY OF ANTIBODY FORMATION.
Paul Ehrlich
61
He observed HUMORAL OR CIRCULATING FACTORS called OPSONINS
Almoth Wright
62
He discovered delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Clemens von Pirquet
63
He formulated the genetic theory of TUMOR TRANSPLANTATION
Clarence Little
64
They provided evidence that Antibodies are GAMMA GLOBULINS
Arne Tiselius and Elvin Kabat
65
He introduced FLUORESCENCE LABELING OF ANTIBODIES
Albert Coons
66
He introduced ADJUVANTS
Jules Freund
67
He used SKIN GRAFTS to show that TOLERANCE is acquired characteristic of the LYMPHOID CELLS - a key feature of the CLONAL SELECTION THEORY
Peter Medawar
68
He worked out the genetics on MURINE MHC & generated the CONGENIC STRAINS needed for its biologic analysis laying ground work for our current understanding of MHC in T - Cell Biology
George Snell
69
He discovered immunoglobulins as "TRANSPORTEURS"
Pierre Grabar
70
He developed PRECIPITIN TEST in Gels and Idotypes
Jacques Ouidin
71
He developed double IMMUNO-DIFFUSION test in GELS
Orjan Ouchterlony & Stephen Elek
72
He discovered PLASMA cells as ANTIBODY PRODUCING CELLS
Astrud Fargaeus
73
He provided experimental evidence of ACQUIRED IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE
Milan Hasek
74
He made crucial discoveries about the structure of IMMUNOGLOBULINS, the FIRST COMPLETE SEQUENCE of ANTIBODY MOLECULE
Gerald Edelman
75
He discovered IgE as REAGENIC ANTIBIDY
Kimishige Ishizaka
76
He discovered that BURSA OF FABRICULUS is responsible for generating the cells capable of manufacturing antibodies - the B- Cells
Noel Warmer
77
created HPV vaccine for cervical cancer
Ian Frazer
78
father of cellular immunology
Elie Metchnikoff
79
mechanism of CMI response
Rolf Zinkernagel and Peter Doherty
80
- concept of Immunological Tolerance
▪️Peter Medawar
81
-introduced different technology in Immunology- Hybridoma Technology of producing monoclonal Antibodies
George Kohler and Cesar Milstein
82
- Hemolytic Plaque Assay- antibody enumeration
Neil Jerne

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