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Question 1

Quadratus

Answer 1

Greek apologist - re: internal consistency in gospels

Question 2

Aristides

Answer 2

Greek apologist - re: Greek philosophy indebted to Moses

Question 3

Athenagoras

Answer 3

Greek apologist - re: physical reality of resurrection

Question 4

Tatian

Answer 4

c170 Greek apologist - Assyrian convert, student of Justin Martyr. Known for a Syriac gospel harmony text, to bring text to people in their own language. Argued for “barbarian” philosophy over Greek/Hellenism. Perhaps contributed to acetic tradition in Syria

Question 5

Justin Martyr

Answer 5

Greek apologist - re: the uses of Logos theology, wrote about blended family

Question 6

Iraneus

Answer 6

From Asia minor, lived in Smyrna, then became Bishop of Lyons, Irenic = peaceful. A bridge builder. Wrote “Against Heresies” One truth from mouth of Jesus, splintered by Christians.

Question 7

Monarchanism

Answer 7

Two ways of explaining Christ’s role in relation to God the Father.

Question 8

Sabellianism

Answer 8

aka modalism, creator -> redeemer -> sustainer revealed in phases

Question 9

Adoptionism

Answer 9

Elevation of human Christ to deity - Apotheosis

Question 10

Logos spermatophos

Answer 10

Justin Martyr wrote of this, the spreading of the seeds of the gospel

Question 11

Logos enivatitos

Answer 11

?

Question 12

Logos prophrikos

Answer 12

expressed?

Question 13

Perpetua

Answer 13

Martyred catechumen from Carthage, wrote first known Christian martyr narrative from voice of a woman.

Question 14

Tertullian

Answer 14

of Carthage, possibly wrote preface to “the Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas.” Important theologian and apologist. Formerly a Stoic philosopher and lawyer. Said “What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?” Coined “trinitas” among other theological terms. On Spectacles… Associated with the New Prophesy/Montanist movement due to his commitment to asceticism.

Question 15

Trajan

Answer 15

Emperor of Roman empire, exchanged letters with Pliny the younger regarding how to deal with Christians in Roman empire.

Question 16

Hippolytus

Answer 16

Presbyter of Rome, became an alternate bishop against Callistus, disputed ecclesiastical election, fought against Christians in the same place where Justin Martyr was executed.

Question 17

Cyprian

Answer 17

Bishop of Carthage, hid from persecution executed in 258

Question 18

Polycarp

Answer 18

Bishop of Smyrna, wrote about Christians as strangers. Well respected by Romans, but martyred after he refused to salute Caeser.

Question 19

Origen

Answer 19

c185-254. of Alexandria, born into Christian family, son of a martyr, systematist and taxonomist. Student of Clement. Succeeded him as leader of the catechetical school. Theory of atonement, believed all would be saved. Wrote “Hexapla” & “On First Principles” Died from wounds in persecution. Eventually marked a heretic.

Question 20

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 20

Roman emperor to whom Justin Martyr addressed his apology, defending Christianity as legitimate religion. Stoic philosopher.

Question 21

Clement

Answer 21

Apologist of Alexandria, master lay teacher at catechetical school. Master bridge builder. We need to be better students to learn from all there is in the world. We are all paupers because we don’t attend the banquet God has prepared for us. Origen was his student. Wrote “Protrepticus,” “Paedagous,” and “Stramateis”

Question 22

Marcion

Answer 22

From Pontus in Asia Minor (the nursery of heretics), deleted much of the Biblical canon, sometimes associated with gnostics. Paulinian. Argued that God of OT is not the God of Christ.

Question 23

Rome

Answer 23

Center of Roman empire. Site of many theological arguments, such as the date of Easter.

Question 24

Alexandria

Answer 24

Cosmopolitan city at the intersection of trade routes. Home to Clement and his catechetical school, Philo and Josephus

Question 25

Hellenism

Answer 25

Hellenistic period: Greek cultural influence

Question 26

Valentinius

Answer 26

c. 100-175 CE. Gnostic leader. Candidate for Bishop of Rome.

Question 27

Syria/Mesopotamia - Edessa & Nisibis

Answer 27

Nations/cities at intersection of Roman and Persian empires. Christianity flourished here at times. In the late 1st & early 2nd centuries, there were more Christians East of Damascus than to the west. Many women were involved in teaching, translation, interpretation, etc.

Question 28

Carthage

Answer 28

Roman North Africa. Home to Perpetua, Felicity, and Tertullian

Question 29

Asia Minor

Answer 29

Modern day Turkey. Home to Pontus, the nursery for heretics including Marcion,

Question 30

Egypt

Answer 30

Home to the Nile, Alexandria,

Question 31

Nubia

Answer 31

Region in Roman North Africa, including Carthage.

Question 32

India

Answer 32

Thought to be evangelized by the apostle Thomas

Question 33

Persia

Answer 33

Empire to the East of Rome in modern day Iraq & Iran.

Question 34

Numidia

Answer 34

Northern Africa, including Carthage

Question 35

Arabia

Answer 35

Kingdom to the South

Question 36

Lyons

Answer 36

City in modern France, Iraneus was the bishop

Question 37

Odes of Solomon

Answer 37

Early writing that emerged from late 1st/early 2nd century Syria/Persian church. A mix of Jewish and Christian ideas with masculine and feminine references to God.

Question 38

Bardesan

Answer 38

Christian Philosopher and Archer...

Question 39

Aphraates

Answer 39

?

Question 40

Ephraem

Answer 40

?

Question 41

Christian Kingdom of Armenia

Answer 41

First nation state to have its ruler converted and Christianity declared

Question 42

Emergence of Latin Christianity

Answer 42

?

Question 43

A Martyr Church

Answer 43

Catechumens preparing for three years for baptism on Easter. Some were arrested to be made an example.

Question 44

Gospel of Philip

Answer 44

Gnostic text from the Nag Hammadi library. Claimed that Creation was a mistake by a lower god, Christ came to teach a few the mysteries that would allow them to transcend

Question 45

Thecla

Answer 45

Woman from Iconium who heard Paul's preaching and desired to become a teacher and interpreter. This shamed her family and she was nearly martyred

Question 46

Priscilla, Montanus and Maximilla

Answer 46

Three thinkers who led the Montanist or New Prophecy movement, committed to discipline and open to charismatic experiences.

Question 47

Philo (Judeus) of Alexandria

Answer 47

c. 20BCE-50CE. Jewish philosopher in Alexandria connected Judaism with Hellenistic thought, especially connecting "Logos" to God's creative work.

Question 48

Docetists

Answer 48

Heresy claiming that Jesus was never really enfleshed, rather that he was a phantom.

Question 49

Donatism

Answer 49

North African separatists who stressed the purity of the true church. Accused Catholics of collaboration with Roman Empire.

Question 50

Mani

Answer 50

Began Manichaeism, a syncretistic religion combining Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and other doctrines. Executed when Persia made Zoroastrianism

Question 51

Ptolomies

Answer 51

Final dynasty to rule Egypt

Question 52

Maccabees

Answer 52

Jewish leaders of Maccabean revolt, established a new line of kings.

Question 53

Seleucids

Answer 53

Hellenistic state ruled over by Selucid dynasty

Question 54

Apostolic Fathers

Answer 54

Group of early christian authors whose writings date back to the middle of the first century. Including Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, Barnabas of Alexandria

Question 55

Rabbinical Judaism

Answer 55

developed after fall of temple in 70 AD

Question 56

Pontius Pilate

Answer 56

Roman prefect in Judea at the time of Jesus' crucifixtion.

Question 57

Sadducees

Answer 57

Conservative. Temple centered.

Question 58

Pharisees

Answer 58

Synagogue centered. Rabbinical judaism is their legacy. Recognized by Rome after destruction of temple. Christians and Pharisees were close.

Question 59

Stoicism

Answer 59

Greek philosophy school of thought, one supreme being. Logos was an animating spark of fire. Justin Martyr was Stoic before converting to Xty.

Question 60

Alexander the Great

Answer 60

d. 322 BCE, at the time of his death, his empire was split into Egypt, Persia and Macedonia. Responsible for spread of Hellenism.

Question 61

Pompey

Answer 61

Attacked Jewish settlements.

Question 62

Josephus

Answer 62

Jewish historian

Question 63

Nero

Answer 63

Emperor of Rome when it burned, and he blamed it on the Christians, starting a new wave of persecution.

Question 64

Tacitus

Answer 64

Roman historian, wrote during Pliny the elder.

Question 65

Caesar Augustus

Answer 65

Emperor at the time of Christ's birth.

Question 66

Herod

Answer 66

King of Judea at the time of Christ's birth.

Question 67

Simon bar Kochba

Answer 67

Jewish rebel who led uprising in 132 CE