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Pharma 1 > deck_990242 > Flashcards

deck_990242 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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2
Q

Direct Acting Muscarinic Drugs

A

Betanechol, Pilocarpine(MOA: Inhibits M3 receptors)

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3
Q

Indirect Acting Nicotinic Drugs

A

Nicotine and Varenicline

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4
Q

Drugs used in Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Rivastigmine, Donepazil, Tacrine, Galantamine

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5
Q

Drug used in bowel and bladder atony

A

Betanechol

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6
Q

Indirect acting muscarinic receptor used for treatment of glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

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7
Q

Antidotes for organophosphate poisoning

A

AtropinePralidoxime (should be given only within 6 hours)

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8
Q

Nonselective Cholinergic Antagonist

A

Atropine, Tropicamide, Homatropine, Cyclopentolate

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9
Q

Nonselective Cholinergic antagonist used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease

A

Benztropine, Biperiden, Trihexyphenidyl

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10
Q

Cholinergic antagonist used in the treatment of asthma

A

Ipatropium and tiotropiumSide effect: Nasal dryness

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11
Q

Why Ipatropium and tiotropium preferred as bronchodilators for combined COPD and heart disease patients?

A

less likely to cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias

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12
Q

Nonselective muscarinic antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness

A

Scopolamine (has an additional histamine and serotonin antagonistic effect)

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13
Q

Symptoms of atropine toxicity

A

Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)Dry as a bone (decreased secretions and constipation)Red as a a beet (atropine flush)Blind as a bat (blurred vision)Mad as a hatter (CNS toxicity, tachycardia, arrhythmia)

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14
Q

Cholinergic antagonist that blocks Nicotinic AcH receptors (ganglion blockers) used in the treatment of hypertension? Side effect?

A

Hexamethonium, TrimethaphanSide effect: Postural Hypertension

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15
Q

What is the difference of dopamine and norepinephrine in their action in the blood vessels?

A

Dopamine: vasodilates the renal blood vesselsNorepinephrine: vasoconstricts the renal blood vessels

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16
Q

Inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase

A

Metyrosine - prevents conversion of tyrosine to DOPA

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17
Q

Vesicular transport of norepinephrine and epinephrine is inhibited by what drug

A

ReserpineMAO’s increase stores of norepinephrine and epineprhine

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18
Q

What drug inhibits entry of calcium which triggers interaction among SNARE proteins (VAMPs and SNAPS? What drugs promote them?

A

Inhibited by GuanethidinePromoted by Amphetamines and Tyramine

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19
Q

Diffusion and reuptake of norepi and epi via NET and DAT in the synaptic cleft is inihibited by what drugs?

A

Cocaine and TCA

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20
Q

MOA of Epinephrine

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A

Nonselective and Direct acting Sympathomimetic (activates alpha and beta)a1: vasoconstriction, increases BPb1: increases heart rate, conduction and contractility (cardiac arrest)b2: bronchodilation (anaphylaxis)

21
Q

Uses and side effects of norepinephrine

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A

Neurogenic shock, cardiogenic shock (last resort)Extreme vasospasm, tissue necrosis and extensive blood pressure increase

22
Q

Dose dependent actions of dopamine

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A

Low dose: 1 - 5 mcg/kg/min - vasodilation of the splanchnic and renal vascular beds via D1 receptors (thus increase in renal blood flow)Medium Dose: 5-15 mcg/kg/min - D1 and B2 receptorsHigh dose: >15 mcg/kg/min - A1 receptors

23
Q

Beta nonselective sympathomimetic drug that is used in the treatment of asthma?

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A

IsoproterenolB1: increases heart rate, conduction and velocityB2: bronchodilation SE: cardiovascular disturbance, arrhythmias

24
Q

Selective alpha 1 agonist used as decongestant? Side effect?

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A

Phenylephrine, PseudoephrineSE: rebound nasal congestionOcular administration may cause mydriasis without cyclopegia

25
Q

Selective alpha 2 agonist (decreases central sympathetic outflow)? Side effect?

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A

ClonidineSE: rebound hypertension - Treated using Phentolamine

26
Selective alpha 2 agonist used in the treatment of hypertension which causes hemolytic anemia?
Methyldopa
27
Selective alpha 2 agonist used in the treatment of glaucoma (decreases secretion of aqueous humor)?
Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
28
Selective beta 1 agonist used in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock? Side effect?
DobutamineSide effect: tachyphylaxisOther uses: Used in cardiac stress testing
29
Selective beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma
Albuterol/SalbutamolTerbutaline and Ritodrine
30
Selective beta 2 agonists used as tocolytic in preterm labor
terbutaline and ritodrineRemember: beta 2 receptors - relaxation of uterine muscles vs alpha 1 and M3 receptors which causes contraction of uterine muscles
31
Drugs used in the presurgical treatment of hypertension in pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine and PhentolamineMOA: nonselective alpha blockers (alpha 1>alpha2)SE: Orthostatic hypotension
32
Difference between phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine: IRREVERSIBLE InhibitorPhentolamine: REVERSIBLE Inhibitor, can also be used as treatment for rebound hypertension (e.g. Clonidine)
33
Selective alpha 1 receptors used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension?
Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, SilodosiSide effect: First dose orthostatic hypotension
34
Most selective for prostatic smooth muscle?
Tamsulosin
35
Nonselective beta blockers
Propranolol, Pindolol, Timolol, Labetalol, Carvedilol, NadololSE: bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction
36
Drug which has a combined alpha and beta blocker blockade (can also be used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma)
Labetalol
37
Nonselective beta blockers which has an intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Pindolol and acebutolol
38
Beta blocker which has an absent Local anesthetic activity
timolol and betaxolol(local anesthetic activity is disadvantageous when used in the eye topically since it can decrease protective effects and increase the risk of corneal ulcerations)
39
Beta blocker which has the longest half-life
Nadolol
40
selective beta blockers
Betaxolol, esmolol, acebutolol, atenolol, and metoprolol
41
Selective beta blockers used for supraventricular tachycardia
Esmolol
42
Beta blocker which has the shortest half-life
Esmolol
43
Flow of aqueous humor
Ciliary body - Posterior chamber - Angle of the anterior chamber - Pupil - Anterior chamber - trabecular meshwork - canal of schlemm - Uveoscleral veins
44
Drugs that cause decreased secretion of aqueous humor from the ciliary epithelium
Beta blocker: TimololOsmotic agents: MannitolAlpha2 agonist: ApraclonidineCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: acetazolamide, dorzolamide
45
Drugs that cause ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork and increased outflow through canal of schlemm
Cholanomimetics: Pilocarpine, Physostigmine
46
Drugs that cause increased outflow through canal of Schlemm
Prostaglandins: latanoprost
47
Drugs that causes increased outflow via uveoscleral veins
Epinephrine

Pharma 1 (2 decks)

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