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declatory- independence Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the new treasurer appointed in 1766?

A

Charles Townshend

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2
Q

What was the purpose of the Townshend Duties?

A

To raise revenue from the colonists without direct taxation.

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3
Q

How did the Townshend Duties affect colonial sentiment?

A

They angered the colonial population and led to organized boycotts.

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4
Q

What did the Daughters of Liberty promote in response to the Townshend Duties?

A

Boycotts and ‘homespun’ alternatives.

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5
Q

What was the outcome of Samuel Adams’ response to the Townshend Duties?

A

He wrote against the duties, arguing they infringed on natural and constitutional rights.

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6
Q

What was the significance of the ‘Massachusetts Circular Letter’?

A

It criticized British policies and called for a unified colonial response.

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7
Q

What event is referred to as the Boston Massacre?

A

The shooting of several colonists by British soldiers on March 5, 1770.

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8
Q

What was the immediate cause of the Boston Massacre?

A

A confrontation between British soldiers and a mob after a soldier struck a boy.

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9
Q

How many colonists were fatally wounded during the Boston Massacre?

A

Five

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10
Q

Who defended the British soldiers in court after the Boston Massacre?

A

John Adams

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11
Q

What was the result of the Townshend Duties in terms of British policy?

A

They were repealed due to insufficient revenue.

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12
Q

What was the outcome of the burning of the HMS Gaspee?

A

Colonists boarded and burned the ship after it got stuck in shallow water.

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13
Q

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

A

Groups that circulated letters discussing grievances and coordinated political responses.

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14
Q

What was the aim of the Tea Act of 1773?

A

To assist the East India Company by allowing it to sell tea directly to America at lower prices.

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15
Q

What major event occurred as a result of the Tea Act?

A

The Boston Tea Party, where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

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16
Q

What were the Coercive Acts?

A

Legislation passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party, aimed at punishing Massachusetts.

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17
Q

What did the Boston Port Act do?

A

Closed the Boston Port to all private shipping.

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18
Q

What was the Massachusetts Government Act?

A

It revoked Massachusetts’ charter and suspended its assembly.

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19
Q

What was the significance of the Quebec Act?

A

It expanded Quebec’s territory and allowed religious freedom for Catholics, angering Protestant colonists.

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20
Q

What did the term ‘Powder Alarms’ refer to?

A

A series of war scares in late 1774.

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21
Q

What political positions were residents in Quebec allowed to hold after previously being excluded?

A

Political positions due to the upholding of freedom of religion

Residents were previously excluded due to their Catholicism.

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22
Q

What two reasons irritated the Americans regarding the changes in Quebec?

A
  • Raised the spectre of French Catholicism to English Protestantism
  • Revived anger caused by the Proclamation Act blocking western expansion
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23
Q

What was the significance of the Proclamation Act according to John C Miller?

A

It was an important factor in the spread of revolutionary sentiment beyond Massachusetts.

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24
Q

What were the Powder Alarms?

A

A series of war scares in late 1774 involving General Gage’s attempt to seize gunpowder.

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25
What happened when Gage attempted to seize gunpowder in Middlesex County?
The operation was supposed to be secret but was leaked, causing widespread fear.
26
What actions did the Minutemen take during the Powder Alarms?
* Removed gunpowder supplies * Hid supplies in forests and barns
27
What was the purpose of the Committees of Safety formed during the Powder Alarms?
To monitor British troop movements.
28
When did the First Continental Congress take place?
September-October 1774.
29
How many men attended the First Continental Congress, and from how many colonies?
55 men from 12 colonies.
30
What did the First Continental Congress agree upon?
* Articles of Association * Outline of grievances * Fourteen measures to be adopted by colonies
31
What were the Suffolk Resolves?
A declaration addressing the injustice of the British government and calling for resistance.
32
What did the Galloway Plan propose?
A political union between Britain and the colonies.
33
What was included in the Articles of Association drafted by the Second Continental Congress?
* Outline of grievances * Fourteen measures to be ratified by the colonies * Boycotting of goods
34
When and where were the first shots of the Revolutionary War fired?
April 1775 in Lexington, Massachusetts.
35
What was the outcome of the confrontation at Lexington?
8 colonial militiamen were killed.
36
What was the significance of the Second Continental Congress?
It took control of the war effort and declared a formal continental army.
37
Who was appointed as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army?
George Washington.
38
What document justified the military actions of the Second Continental Congress?
The Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms.
39
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
A proposal affirming loyalty to Britain and seeking peace.
40
What was the outcome of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776?
The United States was declared an independent nation.
41
What did Thomas Paine's Common Sense challenge?
* The right of the monarchy * The concept of British rule * The possibility of reconciliation with Britain
42
What were the key arguments against monarchy presented by Thomas Paine?
* Monarchies are corrupt * Hereditary rule lacks merit * Conflicts with natural rights
43
What were the Enlightenment ideas that influenced Thomas Paine's arguments?
* Equality * Republicanism * Consent of the governed
44
What did the Declaration of Independence express?
The American mind and justification for independence.
45
Why did John Adams dislike Common Sense?
He found some of Paine's ideas too radical.
46
What role did King George III play in the resistance to the colonies?
He insisted on submission or triumph over the colonies.
47
What did Samuel Adams state about the natural rights of colonists?
Rights to life, liberty, and property, and the right to defend them.
48
What was the impact of the Declaration of Independence on loyalist properties?
Provoked attacks and defacing of royal symbols.
49
What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?
Although a British victory, it demonstrated the militia's confidence against a professional army.
50
Who stated, 'Among the natural rights of the colonists are these: First a right to life, secondly to liberty, and thirdly to property'?
Samuel Adams ## Footnote This quote highlights the fundamental rights that were emphasized by the colonists during their struggle for independence.
51
What does Samuel Adams mean when he says, 'It does not take a majority to prevail'?
An irate, tireless minority can influence change ## Footnote This emphasizes the power of passionate individuals in driving social movements.
52
Who was referred to as 'the most dangerous man in America' by the British Parliament?
Samuel Adams ## Footnote This reflects his significant influence in the revolutionary movement.
53
What did John Hancock famously say about his signature?
'There! His Majesty can now read my name without glasses.' ## Footnote This statement showcases Hancock's boldness in defiance of British authority.
54
What was John Hancock's stance on tyranny?
'Resistance to tyranny becomes the Christian and social duty of each individual.' ## Footnote Hancock believed in the moral obligation to fight against oppression.
55
What did Thomas Paine mean by 'The mind once enlightened cannot again become dark'?
Once people understand freedom, they cannot unlearn it ## Footnote This highlights the transformative power of knowledge and enlightenment.
56
What was the significance of Thomas Paine's work 'Common Sense'?
It popularized the idea of separation from Great Britain in 1776 ## Footnote Paine's writing had a profound impact on public opinion regarding independence.
57
What were the Sons of Liberty?
Local groups who organized protests against the Stamp Act ## Footnote They were pivotal in mobilizing public sentiment against British policies.
58
Fill in the blank: The term 'Sons of Liberty' was adopted after Isaac Barré praised 'these ______' in British Parliament.
Sons of Liberty ## Footnote This reflects the recognition and support for those defending American rights.
59
What role did the Daughters of Liberty play in the revolutionary movement?
They organized anti-Stamp Act boycotts and promoted non-importation ## Footnote Their involvement marked a significant entry of women into political activism.
60
What was the Edenton Ladies' Tea Party?
A prominent group of women pledging support for a continental boycott of British merchandise ## Footnote This event showcased women's contributions to the independence movement.
61
What challenges did Loyalists face during the American Revolution?
Tarring and feathering, persecution of property, imprisonment, and physical attacks ## Footnote Many Loyalists had to flee or faced severe consequences for their allegiance to Britain.
62
Who is credited with stating, 'Independence is my happiness'?
Thomas Paine ## Footnote This reflects Paine's commitment to the idea of independence and freedom.
63
What did the Committees of Correspondence do?
Facilitated communication and coordination among colonies ## Footnote They were instrumental in organizing colonial resistance against British rule.
64
Who was John Adams?
A prominent revolutionary leader and advocate for independence ## Footnote He played a crucial role in the push for American independence.
65
True or False: Loyalists were usually poorer individuals who supported the British Crown.
False ## Footnote Loyalists were typically wealthier individuals who faced significant backlash for their loyalty.

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