Deductive Reasoning

Question 1

types of reasoning

Answer 1

deductive

inductive

Question 2

deductive reasoning

Answer 2

based on the rules of logic
conclusions must be true
deterministic

Question 3

inductive reasoning

Answer 3

conclusions are likely, but not necessarily true

probabilistic

Question 4

theories of reasoning

Answer 4

normative reasoning

descriptive reasoning

Question 5

normative reasoning

Answer 5

how one ought to reason

Question 6

descriptive reasoning

Answer 6

how people actually reason

Question 7

conditional reasoning

Answer 7

if ___, then ___

Question 8

forms of reasoning

Answer 8

modus ponens
modus tollens
affirming the consequent
denying the antecedent

Question 9

modus ponens

Answer 9

if P occurs, then Q occurs

valid reasoning

Question 10

modus tollens

Answer 10

if Q doesn’t occur, then P didn’t occur

valid reasoning

Question 11

affirming the consequent

Answer 11

if Q occurs, then P has occurred

invalid reasoning

Question 12

denying the antecedent

Answer 12

if P didn’t occur, then Q doesn’t occur

invalid reasoning

Question 13

pragmatic reasoning schema

Answer 13

deciding what is true based on experience

Question 14

permission schema

Answer 14

if a certain action is to be taken, then a certain condition must be met

Question 15

obligation schema

Answer 15

if a condition is met, then you are obligated to do something

Question 16

facts about cheating

Answer 16

cheaters take resources without paying the cost(s)
theory predicts that people will reason especially well when looking for cheaters
people may reason better when they are upset