Deep Back POINAS

Question 1

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 1

Social Interaction, driving

Question 2

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis (Main Action)

Answer 2

Unilaterally: laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head to side of active muscles

Bilaterally: extend the head and neck

Question 3

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis (Proximal Attachment)

Answer 3

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Question 4

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis (Distal Attachment)

Answer 4

Splenius Capitis: Fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral thhird of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Splenius Cervicis: TP of C1-C4 vertebrae

Question 5

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 5

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 6

What do Ventral Nerve Roots control?

Answer 6

Motor

Question 7

What do Dorsal Nerve Roots control?

Answer 7

Sensory

Question 8

What do Ventral Rami control?

Answer 8

Innervate ventral body wall, superficial back, and all limb parts

Question 9

What do Dorsal Rami control?

Answer 9

Innervate skin and deep muscles of back

Question 10

Erector Spinae Group (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 10

Maintaining an upright posture for ADLs/IADLs

Question 11

Erector Spinae Group (Main Actions)

Answer 11

Unilaterally: Laterally flex the vertebral column to the ipsilateral side

Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

EXTENSION AND SIDEBEND

Question 12

Erector Spinae Group (Proximal Attachments)

Answer 12

Common tendon (thoracolumbar fascia) that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae (L5-T11)

Question 13

Erector Spinae Group (Distal Attachments)

Answer 13

Iliocostalis: lower rib angles and cervical TP
Longissimus: between rib tubercles and angles to thoracic TP
Spinalis: upper thoracic SP and to cranium

Question 14

Erector Spinae Group (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 14

Dorsal rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 15

Which group of muscles is known as the Chief extensors of the vertebral column?

Answer 15

Erector Spinae Group

Question 16

Which muscle of the Erector Spinae Group is the longest?

Answer 16

Longissimus

Question 17

Where is the Longissimus Lumborum?

Answer 17

Doesn’t exist

Question 18

Which muscle of the Erector Spinae Group attaches to every SP of every vertebrae?

Answer 18

Spinalis

(Does not go anymore lateral than the TP of each vertebrae)

Question 19

What Muscles make up the Transversospinalis Group?

Answer 19

Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis

Question 20

What is the purpose of the Tranversospinalis Group?

Answer 20

They attach to the transverse processes and help rotate and extend the spine

Question 21

Rotatores (Purposeful Activties)

Answer 21

Tai Chi or Yoga (deep postural stability)

Question 22

Rotatores (Main Actions)

Answer 22

Unilaterally: Rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side (contralaterally)

Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column locally. May function as organs of proprioception

Question 23

Rotatores (Inferior Attachment)

Answer 23

Rotatores: TP of vertebrae (thoracic the best)

Question 24

Rotatores (Superior Attachment)

Answer 24

SP of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae (rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae)

Brevis goes 1
Longus goes 2

Question 25

Rotatores (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 25

Dorsal rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 26

Multifidi (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 26

Tai Chi or yoga (deep postural stability)

Question 27

Multifidi (Main Actions)

Answer 27

Unilaterally: Rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side (contralaterally) Bilaterallly: Extend the vertebral column Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of the vertebral column

Question 28

Multifidi (Inferior Attachment)

Answer 28

Multifidus: arises from the posterior sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, SI ligaments, mammilary processes of the lumber vertebrae, TP of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7 STAAMP

Question 29

Multifidi (Superior Attachment)

Answer 29

Multifidus: thickest in lumbar region; fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of SP, located 2-4 segments superior to proximal attachment

Question 30

Multifidi (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 30

Dorsal rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 31

Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis (Purposeful Activities)

Answer 31

Using a computer workstation, looking overhead

Question 32

Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis (Main Actions)

Answer 32

Extends the head, neck, and thoracic spine Rotates them contralaterally

Question 33

Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis (Inferior Attachment)

Answer 33

TP of C4 to T12

Question 34

Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis (Superior Attachment)

Answer 34

Fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and SP in thoracic and cervial regions, spanning 4-6 segments

Question 35

Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis (Nerve Innervation)

Answer 35

Cervial dorsal rami of Spinal Cervical Nerves

Question 36

Suboccipitals (Purposeful Activity)

Answer 36

Scanning a computer monitor, reading a book

Question 37

Rectus capitis posterior major (Main Actions)

Answer 37

Rock and tilts the head back into extension Rotates the head to the same side (ipsilaterally)

Question 38

Rectus capitis posterior major (Proximal Attachment)

Answer 38

Spinous process of vertebra C2 (axis)

Question 39

Rectus capitis posterior major (Distal Attachment)

Answer 39

Lateral inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 40

Rectus capitis posterior minor (Main Actions

Answer 40

Rock and tilts the head back into extension Rotate the head to the same side (ipsilaterally)

Question 41

Rectus capitis posterior minor (Proximal Attachment)

Answer 41

Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of vertebra C1 (atlas)

Question 42

Rectus capitis posterior minor (Distal Attachment)

Answer 42

Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 43

Obliquus capitis superior (Main Actions)

Answer 43

Rock and tilts the head back into extension Laterally flex the head to the same side (ipsilaterally)

Question 44

Obliquus capitis superior (Proximal Attachment)

Answer 44

Transverse process of vertebra C1 (atlas)

Question 45

Obliquus capitis superior (Distal Attachment)

Answer 45

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Question 46

Obliquus capitis inferior (Main Actions)

Answer 46

Rotate the head to the same side (ipsilaterally)

Question 47

Obliquus capitis inferor (Proximal Attachment)

Answer 47

Spinous process of vertebra C2 (axis)

Question 48

Obliquus capitis inferior (Distal Attachment)

Answer 48

Transverse process of vertebra C1 (atlas)

Question 49

Suboccipitals (Nerve Innervations)

Answer 49

Dorsal ramus of C1

Question 50

Which Suboccipital muscles are responsible for tilting the head?

Answer 50

Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor Oblique capitis superior

Question 51

Which Suboccipital muscles are responsible for turning the head? which other muscle is responsible?

Answer 51

- Rectus capitis posterior major - Rectus capitis posterior minor - Oblique capitis inferior - Upper Trapezius

Question 52

Which sole Suboccipital muscle is responsible for side bending the neck?

Answer 52

Oblique Capitis Superior

Question 53

Which Suboccipital muscle does not attach to the occipital bone/head?

Answer 53

Oblique Capitis Inferior

Question 54

Which suboccipital muscles make up the Suboccipital Triangle?

Answer 54

Obliquus capitis superior Rectus capitis posterior major Obliquus capitis inferior

Question 55

Which 2 vital structures does the triangle encompass?

Answer 55

Vertebral artery Suboccipital Nerve (C1)

Question 56

Which Nerves innervate the skin over the neck and occipital bones?

Answer 56

Greater Occipital Lesser Occipital Posterior Rami Nerves C3-C7

Question 57

If the head is rotating to the left, which muslces are involved?

Answer 57

Right side: Sternocleidomastoid, semispinalis capitis, upper trap Left side: Obliquus capitis inferior, Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, Longissimus capitis, Splenius capitis