Deep Ecology

Question 1

Julia Butterfly Hill

Answer 1

Environmental activist who lived for two years in a redwood tree named Luna to prevent it from being logged; symbol of peaceful civil disobedience and deep ecological commitment

Question 2

Redwood Trees

Answer 2

Ancient trees, some over 1,000 years old, primarily located in California; less than 3% remain due to logging–central to activism like Hill’s

Question 3

“Disposability Consciousness”

Answer 3

A mindset encouraged by consumer culture that treats people, resources, and nature as disposable; criticized by deep ecologists as a root cause of environmental degradation

Question 4

The Sand County Almanac

Answer 4

A posthumus collection of Aldo Leopold’s nature essays, considered foundational to the deep ecology movement; contains the influential essay “The Land Ethic”

Question 5

Aldo Leopold

Answer 5

Naturalist and author of The Sand County Almanac; proposed a revolutionary environmental ethic based on the integrity and beauty of the biotic community

Question 6

Zero Population

Answer 6

The idea that human population should remain stable or be reduced to lessen environmental impact; some deep ecologists advocate for drastic reductions

Question 7

90% Reduction

Answer 7

A controversial deep ecology goal suggesting the human population must be drastically reduced to preserve the planet’s ecosystems and biodiversity

Question 8

Arne Naess

Answer 8

Noregian philosopher who coined the term “deep ecology”; promoted ecocentrism and the idea of redefining the self to include the entire living planet

Question 9

Ecocentric

Answer 9

Nature-centered perspective, values all life equally

Question 10

Anthropocentric

Answer 10

Human-centered, values nature only for its usefulness to humans. Deep ecology pushes for a shift from anthropocentric to ecocentric thinking

Question 11

EarthFirst!

Answer 11

Radical environmental group inspired by deep ecology; known for direct action and eco-sabotage to protect wild spaces

Question 12

Dave Foreman

Answer 12

Founder of EarthFirst! and author of Ecodefense; advocate for militant environmental action against corporate and governmental environmental destruction

Question 13

Eco-Defense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching

Answer 13

A manual written by Dave Foreman outlining sabotage techniques for environmental activists; viewed as controversial and linked to eco-terrorism by critics

Question 14

Standing Rock

Answer 14

Site of a major Indigenous-led protest against the Dakota Access Pipeline; highlighted the intersection of environmental and human rights–aligned with deep ecology values

Question 15

Water Protectors

Answer 15

Activists, many of them Indigenous, who opposed the Dakota Access Pipeline at Standing Rock; emphasized the sacredness of water and the land