Deep Vein Thrombosis Flashcards
(15 cards)
State the signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis.
Unilateral leg swelling, pain or tenderness (especially in the calf), erythema, warmth, pitting edema.
What are the cardinal symptoms of deep vein thrombosis?
Unilateral leg swelling and calf pain/tenderness.
What are the most common risk factors for deep vein thrombosis?
Prolonged immobility, recent surgery (especially orthopedic), trauma, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer, obesity, age >60.
What is the primary diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis?
Compression ultrasonography.
What other diagnostic tests can be used for deep vein thrombosis?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), D-dimer (elevated in DVT).
What is the management for deep vein thrombosis?
Anticoagulation therapy (e.g., heparin, warfarin, or DOACs), compression stockings, elevation of the affected leg, early mobilization.
What are the complications of deep vein thrombosis?
Pulmonary embolism (PE), post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), chronic venous insufficiency, leg ulcers.
What is the role of D-dimer in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis?
Helps rule out DVT, but not specific; elevated levels can indicate DVT, PE, or other conditions.
What is the initial treatment for a patient with confirmed deep vein thrombosis?
Immediate anticoagulation (e.g., heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin).
When is thrombolysis indicated in deep vein thrombosis?
Severe, life-threatening DVT (e.g., massive iliofemoral thrombosis with compromised limb perfusion).
What is the long-term management for deep vein thrombosis?
Oral anticoagulation therapy for 3-6 months, depending on risk factors, with regular INR monitoring if on warfarin.
What is post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)?
Chronic venous insufficiency following DVT, leading to swelling, pain, and ulceration in the affected leg.
How does compression therapy help in deep vein thrombosis management?
It reduces swelling and helps prevent post-thrombotic syndrome.
What is the significance of venous duplex ultrasonography in diagnosing DVT?
It is the gold standard imaging test, detecting thrombus and assessing the extent of the clot.
How can the risk of DVT be reduced in hospitalized patients?
Prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), mechanical devices like sequential compression devices, and early mobilization.
