Defense Mechanism

Question 1

Sublimation

Answer 1

The individual deals with emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by channeling potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior ex. contact sports to channel angry impulses

Re-channeling drives which cannot find an outlet into an acceptable form of expression

Question 2

Acting out

Answer 2

Dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by actions rather than reflections or feelings. Angry adolescent runs away from home rather than talking to his parents about his anger

Directing an unconscious wish or impulse towards a person or object towards whom it is not really felt

Question 3

Displacement

Answer 3

Dealing with emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by transferring a feeling about, or a response to one object onto another usually less threatening substitute object ex. Mother is taking out anger at husband onto safer object, daughter rushing her hair roughly

Man angry at boss kicks the dog

Question 4

Devaluation

Answer 4

Dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others. Devaluing myself

Frequently used by persons with narcissistic personality disorder which is the corollary of omnipotence,

Question 5

Suppression

Answer 5

Dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by intentionally avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, wishes, feelings or experience. Avoid thoughts by forcing yourself to think about other things, conscious

Question 6

Repression

Answer 6

Dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by expelling disturbing wishes, thoughts or experiences From conscious awareness. The feeling content may remain detached from its associated ideas.

Banishing unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects or impulses from consciousness to avoid anxiety

Question 7

Reaction formation

Answer 7

Dealing with emotional conflict and stressors by substituting behaviors, thoughts, feelings, that are diametrically opposed to his or her own unacceptable thoughts or feelings (usually occurs with repression) join anti-child harm group if you have feelings about harming children, believe the opposite,

Person adopts ideas, affects, attitudes, behaviors that are opposites of those he harbors conscious or unconsciously

Question 8

Projection

Answer 8

Dealing with emotional conflict or stressors by falsely attributing to another their own unacceptable feelings or impulses or thoughts (if it bother me, it bothers you)

Primitive defense, attributing ones own disowned attitudes wishes feelings urges to some external object believe spouse is angry at kids when one is really angry at oneself

Question 9

Projective identification

Answer 9

Unlike simple projection the person is aware and not does not fully disavow what is projected and misattributes them as justifiable reactions to the other person at the times the person causes feelings in others than were at first mistakenly believed to be there. Dependent personality disorder

Used by persons with borderline personality disorder. Lack of differentiation between self and object so that the all-bad self project on the al

Question 10

Verbal order of response

Answer 10

Acknowledge, normalize, validate, 
Explore
Assess
Identify
Clarify 
Refer

Question 11

Practice strategy for order of response (what you do in the order of responses)

Answer 11

Educate
Advocate
Facilitate
Intervention

Question 12

Group work

Answer 12

When working within a group always bring it back to the group to address unless it involves mandatory reporting or a danger to self or others. If a client is continually late for group, bring it back to the group to address.

Question 13

Delirium

Answer 13

Quick on-set of symptoms that, fluctuate, clouded sensorium, brief duration, can happen in young or old, senses are clouded, can be do to a uti, substance induced or other medical condition

Question 14

Dementia

Answer 14

Mostly in older adults, involves relatively stable symptoms that don’t fluctuate, no clouded sensorium, don’t look clouded, must have disturbance in occupational and social functioning, with multiple cognitive deficits

Question 15

Addictive substance disorders

Answer 15

Use disorder, intoxication or withdrawal

Question 16

Schizophrenia

Answer 16

Hallucinations and delusions (psychotic symptoms)
Deterioration in adaptive functioning
Six months duration with active lasting at least a month
Positive symptoms are the hallucinations and delusions,
Treated with anti-psychotic medication, Thorazine, haldol,
Newer anti-psychotics are risperdal, clozapine,

Question 17

Negative symptoms

Answer 17

Associative disturbances, affective disturbances, Avolition, alogia, Autism ambivalence

Question 18

Manic episode

Answer 18

Elevated, expansive, persistent, irritable mood, at least three symptoms, decreased need for sleep, flight of ideas, psychomotor, agitation, grandiosity, sexual preoccupation, positive symptoms, episodes lasting a week

Question 19

Depressive episode

Answer 19

Lasts two weeks, sad/depressed mood, with other symptoms like loss of appetite and weight loss or increased weight gain, suicidal ideation, fatigue, loss of motivation, difficulty concentrating, delusions, thoughts of death or dying, loss of interest or pleasure in activities

Question 20

Anxiety

Answer 20

Unpleasant state characterized by feelings of worry, apprehension, difficulties concentrating, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, somatic sweat, shortness of breath, can have tremors, dizzy, sweaty, irritable, restless, hyperventilation, heartburn, pain.

Question 21

PTSD

Answer 21

Symptoms for at least a month post stressor, '
Re-experiencing 
Hypervigilance
Avoidance 
Irritability

Question 22

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 22

Intense fear of gaining weight, person is usually underweight, disturbance in body image, won’t eat, over exercises, amenorrhea, refusal to maintain normal body weight,

Question 23

Personality disorders

Answer 23

Begin early in life, interfere but not incapable of social and occupational functioning
Cluster A-odd/ eccentric
Schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal

Question 24

Cluster A personality disorders

Answer 24

Odd and eccentric

Schizoid pd-very detached with a pattern of indifference, lack desire for intimacy, I just want to be alone

Schizotypal pd-numerous social and interpersonal problems, can’t get it together, ideas of reference,

Paranoid pd-

Question 25

Cluster B personality disorders

Answer 25

Dramatic, emotional and erratic behavior Antisocial pd- psychopath, sociopath, conduct disorder Borderline pd-in stability of self, inappropriate boundaries, emotional cut offs, Narcissistic-grandiose sense of self importance, lack of empathy Histrionic pd-overly dramatic behavior

Question 26

Cluster C

Answer 26

Anxious or fearful behavior Avoidant pd- pattern of social discomfort Dependent pd-dependent submissive behavior, more frequently in females Obsessive compulsive personality disorder-perfectionism and inflexibility, monk

Question 27

Freud's psycho sexual stages

Answer 27

Oral (0-12 mo) source of satisfaction is the mouth, conflict is weaning, fixation produces passivity, dependence, ex. Smoking, nail biting over-eating Anal-1-3 yrs-source of satisfaction is anal region, primary conflict is toilet training, outcome-fixation produces selfishness, rigidity, stinginess, ex. Obsessive-compulsive so, need positive praise Phallic-3-6-source of satisfaction is genitals, primary conflict is Oedipus, success completion results in proper identification with same sex parent and helps to develop the super-ego Latency 6-12-primary conflict is focus on social skills rather than sexual skills Genital 12+ source of satisfaction is genitals, sexuality becomes focused in mature genital love and adult sexual satisfaction, Phallic Latency Genital

Question 28

Id Ego Superego

Answer 28

Id-inherent drives, impulses, libido, child-like Ego-mediating force, developed in normal adults Super-ego-the conscience or moral, development, guilt

Question 29

Erickson's 8 stages of psychosocial development

Answer 29

Trust vs mistrust 0-12 to 18 mos. trust and optimism, can you trust your caregiver Autonomy vs shame/doubt-18 mos-3 yrs-self-assertion, self-control, feelings of adequacy Initiative vs guilt-3-6-sense of initiative, purpose and direction Industry vs inferiority-6-12-productivity and competence in physical, intellectual and social skills Ego identity vs role confusion-12-18/19-integrated image of oneself as a unique person Intimacy vs isolation-19-40-ability to form close personal relationships and make career commitments Generativity vs stagnation-40-65-concern for future generation Ego integrity vs despair-65-death-sense of life satisfaction and to face death without despair

Question 30

Piaget

Answer 30

Adaptation-goodness of fit Assimilation-incorporating ones environment into the existing environment Accommodation-modify current thought structure to deal with new features of an environment (modify what you believe to make it easier to fit in)

Question 31

Piaget's stages

Answer 31

Sensorimotor-0-2-achieve object permanence, sucking, grasping, hitting, Pre operational thought-2-7-engage in symbolic play and interpretation, use of language and modeling, achieve irreversibility Concrete operational-7-11-kids can understand abstract symbols, child is realistic, achieve conservation, mass, liquid, volume weight Formal operational-develops egocentrism, can self-criticize, self-admire, abstract thinking and thinking about thinking is possible

Question 32

Community organizing

Answer 32

``` It is used to help redress the imbalance between the powerless and the powerful. Reapportionment or restructuring, encouraging and promoting social change Service Advocacy Mobilizing Organizing ```

Question 33

Ego functions | Reality testing

Answer 33

Accurate perception of external environment and internal world

Question 34

Ego functions | Judgment

Answer 34

Capacity to act appropriately depends on accurate perception and evaluation of a given circumstance

Question 35

Ego function: sense of reality of world and of self

Answer 35

Experiences onesself in relation to others while maintaining distinct boundaries

Question 36

Ego function: regulatory control of impulses, drives and affects

Answer 36

Ability to modulate, delay, inhibit or control expression in accord with reality. Ability to tolerate intense, unpleasant emotions without becoming overwhelmed

Question 37

Ego function: object relations

Answer 37

Capacity to view the self as separate from others and complete in oneself, capacity to relate to others

Question 38

Ego function: thought processes

Answer 38

Capacity to perceive, concentrate, anticipate, symbolize, remember and reason. Thinking is organized, logical and oriented to reality Primary process thinking: disregards logical connections between ideas, permits contradictions to exist simultaneously, lacks concept of time, wishes are presented as fulfillment Secondary process thinking: follows reality principle, postpones gratification, replaces wish fulfillment with appropriate action on environment, goal directed

Question 39

Ego function: adaptive regression

Answer 39

Capacity to relax hold on reality, to experience aspects of the self and emerge with increase adaptive capacity resulting from creative integrations

Question 40

Defensive functions

Answer 40

Unconscious internal mechanisms to protect from extreme anxiety while fostering optimal functioning

Question 41

Autonomous functions

Answer 41

Attention, memory, concentrations, learning, perception, motor and intuition

Question 42

Mastery-competence

Answer 42

Early experiences of success and reinforcement of success which affect how the world is experienced and dealt with

Question 43

Synthetic functioning

Answer 43

Fitting and binding all of the disparate aspects of personality into a unified structure which can act on the external world. Resolves splits and averts fragmentation

Question 44

Dissociation

Answer 44

Process which enables person to split mental functions in manner Fugue states, amnesia, daydreaming

Question 45

Splitting

Answer 45

In borderline pd, manifests as self or others being seen as all good or all bad. Ego weakness, lack of impulse control, serves to protect the good object

Question 46

Acting out

Answer 46

Anger at mother acted out by raping women to avoid conscious awareness of real object

Question 47

Object relations theory mahler

Answer 47

1. Attachment normal autism and normal symbiosis 0-5/6 mos 2. Separation (hatching and practicing) 6 mos to 18 mos 3. Rapprochement 4. Object constancy

Question 48

Moral development kohlberg

Answer 48

Preconventional-moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment and to serve ones own needs Conventional-moral reasoning based on the need to look good in ones own eyes and the eyes of others, to maintain the social system, we need to have rules to keep the whole thing moving along Post-conventional-moral reasoning based on the belief in greater moral principles and a sense of personal commitment to doing what is right because it is right regardless of individual needs, sense of commitment to the greater good for the greatest number

Question 49

Kubler Ross stages of death and dying

Answer 49

DABDA Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question 50

Behavioral paradigms | Pavlov

Answer 50

Classical conditioning-stimulus response approach to behavior, pairing involuntary stimulus with an involuntary response so that the stimulus eventually elicits the conditioned response

Question 51

Operant conditioning skinner

Answer 51

Behavior operates on the environment, antecedent events or stimuli precede behaviors which in turn are followed by consequences. Consequences which increase the occurrence of the behavior are reinforcing, consequences which decrease the occurrence of the behavior are punishing, child eats veggie to get dessert, positive consequence, employee finishes work to avoid getting fired, negative consequence

Question 52

Stages of group development

Answer 52

Forming: pre-affiliation-development of trust Storming: power and control, struggle for individual autonomy and group identification Norming: intimacy, utilizing self in service of the group Performing: DIFFERENTIATION: acceptance of each other as distinct individuals Adjourning: separation and termination : independence

Question 53

Prevention (teen pregnancy)

Answer 53

Primary prevention: to prevent, aimed at reducing the prevalence of a problem by reducing the incidence of new cases, creating environments that promote mental health Secondary prevention: treat symptoms, reduce prevalence by reducing duration through early detection and intervention (groups on prenatal care) Tertiary prevention: reduce disability in chronic problems, try to reduce negative after effects, provide childcare in schools