Defensive_Behavior

Question 1

What brain regions are critical for eliciting defensive rage?

Answer 1

Anterior Hypothalamus (AH) and Dorsal Periaqueductal Gray (dPAG)

Question 2

What brain regions are stimulated for predatory (non-defensive) behavior?

Answer 2

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) and Ventral Periaqueductal Gray (vPAG)

Question 3

What brain structure is necessary for freezing behavior?

Answer 3

Dorsal Periaqueductal Gray (dPAG)

Question 4

Which hypothalamic subregion is involved in predator-specific defense?

Answer 4

Dorsomedial Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMHdm)

Question 5

Which hypothalamic subregion organizes social defense?

Answer 5

Ventrolateral Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMHvl)

Question 6

Lesion of which brain area leads to reduced predator avoidance and approach behavior?

Answer 6

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)

Question 7

Which neurochemical system suppresses defensive behavior when increased?

Answer 7

Serotonin (5-HT)

Question 8

What neuropeptide system modulates defensive rage through the PAG?

Answer 8

Opiates (endorphins)

Question 9

Which amygdala subregions are critical for freezing to predators and conditioned fear stimuli?

Answer 9

Medial and Central Amygdala

Question 10

Which nucleus is important for predator-specific defense and risk assessment?

Answer 10

Dorsal Premammillary Nucleus (PMd)

Question 11

What structure modulates unconditioned fear responses such as freezing?

Answer 11

Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST)

Question 12

What neurotransmitter receptors are critical for memory consolidation after fear learning?

Answer 12

NMDA receptors and AMPA receptors