definicia Flashcards

(16 cards)

1
Q

atóm?

A

je to castica zlozena z jadra a obalu.
v jadre su protony a neutrony, v obale su elektrony. je to elktricky neutralne nabita castica<

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2
Q

valencna vrstva?

A

je to posledna vrstva

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3
Q

oktet?

A

nastava ked je na valencnej vrste 8 elektronov

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4
Q

prvok?

A

subor atomov s rovnakym protonovym cislom

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5
Q

molekula?

A

castica zlozena z dvoch alebo viacerych zlucenych atomov

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6
Q

kation?

A

kladne nabity ion

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7
Q

anion?

A

zaporne nabity ion

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8
Q

kovalentna vazba?

A

pri nej sa vytvara spolocny, vazbovy elektronovy par (elektronegativita je menej ako 1,7)

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9
Q

ionova vazba?

A

su to (elektrostaticke) pritazlive sily medzi kationom a anionom (elektronegativita ja 1,7 a viac)

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10
Q

ako sa vola riadok v PSP a co urcuje?

A

perioda, urcuje pocet elektronovych vrstiev

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11
Q

ako sa vola stlpec v PSP a co znaci?

A

skupina, v skupine maju prvky podobne vlastonosti a u A skupin urcuje pocet valencnych elektronov

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12
Q

kto zostavil PSP?

A

D.I.Mendelejev

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13
Q

periodicky zakon?

A

vlastnosti prvkov zavisia od ich protonoveho cisla

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14
Q

oxidacia?

A

je to dej pri ktorom sa zvysuje oxidacne cislo a nastava ked atom odovzdava elektron

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15
Q

redukcia?

A

je to dej pri ktorom sa znizuje oxidacne cislo a nastava ked atom prijma elektron

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16
Q

nautralizacia?

A

je to chemicky dej pri ktorom reaguje zasada s kyselinou a vzika sol s vodou