Defining The Pelvic Region

Question 1

Bones that make the pelvis

Answer 1

Innominate bones (ilium, pubis, ischium)
Sacrum 
Coccyx
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity

Question 2

Innominate bones

Answer 2

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 3

Ligaments of the pelvis [4]

Answer 3

Sacroiliac
Sacrococcygeal
Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous

Question 4

Ligaments of the pelvis

-Sacroiliac

Answer 4

Between sacrum and ilium

-anterior and posterior components

Question 5

Ligaments of the pelvis

-Sacrococcygeal

Answer 5

Between sacrum to coccyx

Question 6

Ligaments of the pelvis

-Sacrospinous

Answer 6

Between ischial spine and sacrum/coccyx

Question 7

Ligaments of the pelvis

-Sacrotuberous

Answer 7

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Question 8

Location of the perineum (in females)

Answer 8

Space located at the pelvic inlet and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Diamond-shaped surface extending from mons pubis to medial surface of the thighs and posteriorly to gluteal folds

Question 9

What is enclosed within the deep perineal pouch?[4]

Answer 9

Pouch above perineal membrane, towards the pelvis

• Urethra
• Vagina (F)
• Glands: bulbourethral (M)
• Perineal muscles that act as sphincters: compressor urethra or urethrovaginal sphincter (F)

Question 10

What is enclosed with the superficial perineal pouch? [4]

Answer 10

Pouch that contains muscles to anchor the external genitalia

• Urethra
• Vagina and penis roof
• Glands: Bartholin (F)
• Perineal muscles: bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus

Question 11

Pelvic cavity

-borders

Answer 11

Borders
Posterior- sacrum/coccyx 
Anterior- pubic symphysis 
Inferior- pelvic floor 
Superior- pelvic brim 
Lateral- obturator internus m

Question 12

Pelvic cavity

-contents

Answer 12

Reproductive organs/tracts
Bladder
Rectum

Question 13

Pelvic musculature

Answer 13

Lines the wall

• Piriformis
• obturator internus

Lines the floor

• coccygeus
• levator ani (iliococcygeal, pubococcygeal, puborectalis)

Question 14

Piriformis muscle

• origin
• course
• insertion
• action

Answer 14

Muscle of the pelvic wall

Origin
-Anterior surface of the sacrum

Course

• Projects laterally into the greater sciatic foramen
• over the ischial spine

Insertion
greater trochanter of femur

Action
-Rotation of the leg

Question 15

Obturator internus

• origin
• course
• insertion
• action

Answer 15

Muscle of the pelvic wall

Origin
-internal surface of the obturator membrane

Course

• Through the lesser sciatic foramen
• below the ischial spine

Insertion
-greater trochanter of femur

Action
-Rotation of the femur

Question 16

Pubococcygeus

• Origin
• insertion
• Action

Answer 16

Muscle of the pelvic floor

Origin
Posterior of pubic bone

Insertion
-Lateral fibres of coccyx

Action
-Supports the viscera in pelvic cavity

Question 17

Puborectalis

• Origin
• insertion
• Action

Answer 17

Muscle of pelvic floor

Origin
-Posterior pubic bone, slings around rectalis

Insertion
-Behind the rectum

Action
-foecal continence and defecation,

Question 18

Coccygeal muscle

Answer 18

Muscle of pelvic floor

Origin
-Ischial spine

Insertion
-inferior end of the sacrum + coccyx

Question 19

Iliococcygeus

• origin
• insertion
• action

Answer 19

Muscle of pelvic floor

Origin
-tendinous arch- this is a feature of this muscle

insertion
- to the annococcygeal body

Question 20

Nerve root of sciatic nerve

Answer 20

L4-S3

Question 21

Nerve root of inferior gluteal

Answer 21

L5-S2

Question 22

Nerve root of superior gluteal nerve

Answer 22

L4-S1

Question 23

Nerve roots of the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 23

S2-4

Question 24

Coccyx

Answer 24

Posterior bone of the pelvis

Formed of 4 fused coccygeal bones

Question 25

Sacrum

Answer 25

Posterior aspect of pelvis | -formed by fusion of the 5 sacral bones fused together

Question 26

Pelvic brim

Answer 26

Border seperating the true/lesser and false/greater pelvis consists of right and Left linea terminalis - arcuate - pectineal line

Question 27

Blood supply of the pelvis

Answer 27

Anterior division of the internal iliac (branches-uterine, vesical, internal pudendal) Gonads supplied by gonadal branch from abdominal aorta

Question 28

Venous drainage of the pelvis

Answer 28

``` Internal iliac (to common iliac veins) Gonadal to IVC [from right gonadal] or L renal vein ```

Question 29

Somatic Innervation of the pelvis

Answer 29

Somatic plexuses (L4-Co) - Lumbosacral (L4-S4) - Coocygeal (S4-Co) Function: Motor [to muscle] and sensory - sciatic nerve - sup/inf gluteal - pudendal)

Question 30

Nerve root of pudendal nerve | -function

Answer 30

S2, S3, S4 -innervates pelvic floor muscles

Question 31

Visceral Innervation of Pelvic Regions

Answer 31

Visceral Plexuses -parasympathetic- pelvic splanchnic nerves Action: Erection Sympathetic - sacral sympathetic trunk [paraverterbral] - sup & inf hypogastric plexuses [prevertebral] - Action: Ejaculation