Definition

Question 1

Molecular orbital

Answer 1

result form interaction of atomic orbital of bonding atom

Question 2

isotope

Answer 2

atoms who have the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 3

covalent bond

Answer 3

a chemical bond which involved the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 4

delocalized bond

Answer 4

electron density is spread unevenly over the whole of the atom, rather then be fixed on one position

Question 5

double bond

Answer 5

a chemical bond between the chemical elecments involving 4 bonding electrons insteed of 2

Question 6

boiling point

Answer 6

temp when vapour pressure equals external pressure

Question 7

CRITIAL temp

Answer 7

the temp about which the gas cannot be made to liquify, no matter the pressure applied

Question 8

critical pressure

Answer 8

the min require to be applied to bring about liqefraction at critical temp

Question 9

emulsion

Answer 9

a mix in which the liquid contains are immiscible in nature hence causing emulsion

Question 10

suspension

Answer 10

a mix in which a solute particle do not dissolve but get suspended throughout the bulk of the solvent

Question 11

coagulation

Answer 11

physical reaction, the action of a liquid to change to a solid or a semi-solid state.

Question 12

micelle

Answer 12

it is aggregate of surfacent molecules dispured in liquid colloid

Question 13

solubility

Answer 13

the ability for a given substance to solute ( to dissolve in solvent)

Question 14

oxidation

Answer 14

loss of e

Question 15

reduction

Answer 15

gain of e

Question 16

galvanic cell

Answer 16

a electrochemical cell that uses transfer of electrons in redox reactions to supply electric current

Question 17

electromotive force

Answer 17

a difference in potential that tends to give an electical current

Question 18

colligative properties

Answer 18

depends upon conc of solute molecules

Question 19

electrolysis

Answer 19

unit of electic current being converted into chemical energy

Question 20

Ionization energy

Answer 20

energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+

Question 21

Electron affinity

Answer 21

The amount to energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion

Question 22

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

In any change that occurs in nature, the total energy of the universe remains constant (a version of the law of conservation of energy). The energy may be converted from one form to another.

Question 23

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 23

The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems always decay toward thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with maximum entropy.

Question 24

Third law of thermodynamics

Answer 24

The entropy of a perfect crystal, at absolute zero Kelvin, is exactly equal to zero.

Question 25

Hess’s law

Answer 25

(of constant heat summation) The enthalpy change of a reaction is the same, regardless if the pathway (whether it is completed in one step, or in several steps)

Question 26

hunds rule

Answer 26

two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs

Question 27

Aufbau principle

Answer 27

It states that as the electrons are added, they assume their most stable conditions (they fill the orbitals starting at the lowest possible energy levels (e.g. 1s before 2s).

Question 28

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 28

It is impossible for two electrons of a poly-electron atom to have the same values for the four quantum numbers

Question 29

Henry’s law

Answer 29

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid

Question 30

Avogadro’s law

Answer 30

Equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules

Question 31

The Lewis acids

Answer 31

Lewis acid: free electron pair acceptor

Question 32

Lewis base

Answer 32

: free electron pair donor

Question 33

proprotion

Answer 33

A pure compound always contains different elements, combines in the same proportions by mass

Question 34

multiple proportions

Answer 34

If two or more compounds are composed of the same two elements, the ratio of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element is a simple whole number

Question 35

Multidentate ligand

Answer 35

Ligands with more than one donor atom are capable of occupying more than one position of a metal ion to form cyclic complexes called chelates

Question 36

coordination number

Answer 36

Number of ligands around the central ion in the coordination sphere

Question 37

Boyle's Law

Answer 37

At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Question 38

Charles' Law

Answer 38

At constant pressure, temperature is directly proportional to volume ( gases expand when heated)

Question 39

Gay-Lussac's Law

Answer 39

At a constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

Question 40

Arrhenius concept

Answer 40

Acid: produces H+ ions in water Base: produces OH- ions in water

Question 41

Brønsted-Lowry base

Answer 41

accept a proton from another molecule

Question 42

Brønsted-Lowry acid

Answer 42

donated a proton to another molecules