Definition Flashcards
(32 cards)
What does the term Third World originally refer to?
Countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and the Caribbean
How is the Third World understood today?
Based on economic and social conditions
What characteristics are associated with Third World countries?
- High poverty
- Unemployment
- Illiteracy
- Weak industrialization
- Economic dependence
Which countries have advanced beyond the Third World classification?
- Singapore
- Taiwan
- China
According to Munroe (2001), what does Third World nations refer to?
People who were not allowed to take part in the Industrial Revolution despite their contributions
What does Handelman (2001) state about Third World countries?
They are non-aligned with the First World or Second World
Define development in a broader sense.
Improves quality of life, reduces poverty and inequality, provides infrastructure and opportunities
Walter Rodney (1972) describes development as what?
A broad process improving skills, abilities, and overall well-being
According to Okwudiba Nnoli (1979), what indicates a country’s progress?
Presence of infrastructure like schools, hospitals, roads, electricity, and clean water
What does V.I. Lenin (1968) say about development?
A continuous movement from a lower stage to a higher one
Seers (1969) suggests development should be measured by improvements in what areas?
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Inequality
What does the World Bank (1991) define development to include?
- Economic progress
- Social progress
- Political progress
How is underdevelopment characterized?
A process linked to exploitation, leading to inequality, poverty, and poor infrastructure
What is Andre Gunder Frank’s view on underdevelopment?
It is caused by imperialism and exploitation, not a natural state
According to Foster-Carter (1985), what is underdevelopment?
A condition preventing progress, not a stage leading to development
What does Alanana (2006) attribute underdevelopment to?
Historical factors like slavery, colonialism, and neo-colonialism
What is dependency?
A situation where countries remain economically reliant on stronger nations
Offiong (1980) defines dependency as what?
Created by colonial rule and continued by modern global economic systems
How does Johnson (1972) view dependency?
As a perspective on imperialism shaped by the history of countries
What does Dos Santos suggest about dependency?
Economies of weaker countries serve the interests of powerful nations
What is modernization theory?
A theory that suggests Third World countries must adopt Western cultural values to develop
Identify the five stages of economic growth according to W.W. Rostow.
- Traditional Society
- Pre-conditions for Take-off
- Take-off
- Drive to Maturity
- Age of High Mass Consumption
What is a major critique of modernization theory?
It ignores the impact of colonialism and global capitalism on underdevelopment
What is dependency theory?
A theory explaining underdevelopment as a result of global economic structures
