Definition of terms

Question 1

readily stained in acid dyes

Answer 1

Acidophilic

Question 2

applied to microtome knife

the end to which handle is attached

Answer 2

Heel

Question 3

solution in which the solvent is alcohol

Answer 3

Alcoholic

Question 4

reagent or combination of reagents used to fix tissue

Answer 4

Fixative

Question 5

solution in which the solvent is water

Answer 5

Aqueous

Question 6

preservation of fresh tissue

Answer 6

Fixation

Question 7

destruction of the tissues by enzymes that are produced by the tissue

Answer 7

Autolysis

Question 8

placing a specimen into an embedding medium and causing it to solidify

Answer 8

Embedding

Question 9

particles or crystal deposited during processing, usually during fixation

Answer 9

Artifact

Question 10

often referred to as casting or blocking

Answer 10

Embedding

Question 11

pigment within the tissue but having their origin outside the body

give examples

Answer 11

Exogenous pigment

Ex. tattoos

Question 12

substances which do not take part in the staining reaction but cause an increase in the selectivity or in the staining power of the dye

Answer 12

Accentuators

Question 13

pigment formed within the tissue by natural means

give examples

Answer 13

Endogenous pigment

Ex. melanin

Question 14

incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ

Answer 14

Aplasia

Question 15

the outer and toughest of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Answer 15

Dara Matter

Question 16

complete none appearance of an organ

Answer 16

Agenesia

Question 17

washing out of excess stain until the required color or combination of colors is obtained

Answer 17

Differentiation

Question 18

an acquired decreased in the size of normally developed of mature organ or tissue

Answer 18

Atrophy

Question 19

capable of becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air

Answer 19

Deliquescent

Question 20

readily stained with basic dyes

Answer 20

Basophilic

Question 21

removal of water from a tissue or section

Answer 21

Dehydration

Question 22

having two concave surfaces, that is two surfaces hallowed or rounded inside

Answer 22

Biconcave

Question 23

removal od color from stained section to differentiate

Answer 23

Decolorization

Question 24

washing sections in tap water or in alkaline solution causing hematoxylin to stain blue

Answer 24

Blueing

Question 25

removal of calcium salts from the tissue following fixation

Answer 25

Decalcification

Question 26

angle formed between cutting edge of the microtome knife

Answer 26

Bevel angle (27'-32')

Question 27

protoplasm of the cell external to the nucleus

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

horizontal thick and thin ridges appearing in sections

Answer 28

Chatters

Question 29

angle formed the surface of the block and cutting edge of the knife

Answer 29

Clearance angle (0-15)

Question 30

removal of the dehydrating agent and its replacement to a substance that is miscible with the embedding or mounting medium to be used

Answer 30

Clearing

Question 31

This process normally follows differentiation in acid/alcohol

Answer 31

Blueing

Question 32

action of sharpening a knife by grinding cutting edge, either on a stone or with an abrasive compound

Answer 32

Honing

Question 33

one side flat other side concave

Answer 33

Plano-concave knife

Question 34

synonym for sodium thiosulfate

Answer 34

Hypo

Question 35

a pivoted tongue adapated to fall into notches wheel, thus, permitting rotating in one direction only

Answer 35

Pawl

Question 36

failure of an organ to reach or achieve full maturity or adult size

Answer 36

Hypoplasia

Question 37

the precise positioning of the tissue in a block, aligning the block of the microtome or placing a section on the side

Answer 37

Orientation

Question 38

an increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the number of cells

Answer 38

Hyperplasia

Question 39

darkly staining body within the cell containing hereditary characteristics of the cell and composed of nucleoprotein

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

sum total changes in the living tissues in response to an injuries agent including the local reaction and the repair of injury

Answer 40

Inflammation

Question 41

cardinal signs of inflammation due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudates or tumor

Answer 41

Dolor (Pain)

Question 42

cardinal signs of inflammation due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury

Answer 42

Calor (Heat)

Question 43

cardinal signs of inflammation due to pain interference with nerve supply and to destruction of the functioning units of the tissues

Answer 43

Functio Laesa (Diminished Function)

Question 44

cardinal signs of inflammation due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with an increased rate of blood floe toward the site of injury and concentration/packing of the red cells in the capillaries causing increased viscosity and slowing of the blood flow

Answer 44

Rubor (Redness)

Question 45

cardinal signs of inflammation due to increased permeability allowing the extravasation of blood fluid, with increased hydrostatic pressure within the dilated arterioles and capillaries causing localized edema

Answer 45

Tumor (Swelling)

Question 46

a substance which causes a staining reaction to take place by forming an insoluble lake between the dye and tissue

Answer 46

Mordant

Question 47

the saturation of tissue with an embedding medium | deposition of salts of heavy metals on or around tissue fibers during staining reaction

Answer 47

Impregnation

Question 48

the machine on which sections are cut

Answer 48

Microtome

Question 49

a reaction in which a substance is stained a different color to that of the stain employed

Answer 49

Metachromatic

Question 50

the metachromatic phenomenon is only found in ___

Answer 50

Basic aniline dye

Question 51

1/1000th of a millimeter 1/25000th of an inch unit of measurement for the thickness of sections, the diameter of cells and the size of bacteria

Answer 51

Micron (u)

Question 52

reversible change involving the transformation in one type of cell to another

Answer 52

Metaplasia

Question 53

the main constituent of all cells it is a homogenous translucent substances containing water with salts and sugar in true solution, protein in colloidal solution and inorganic salts

Answer 53

Protoplasm

Question 54

process of removing excess from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artifacts from the tissue

Answer 54

Washing out

Question 55

the treatment of the tissue in 3% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate for 24 hours following fixation and is normally used as a method of mordanting

Answer 55

Post chromotization

Question 56

embedding under negative atmospheric pressure

Answer 56

Vacuum embedding

Question 57

staining each constituent to a precise color or density without overstaining and differentiating it

Answer 57

Progressive staining

Question 58

term used when tissues placed in a second fixative to facilitate the demonstration of a specific substance

Answer 58

Secondary fixation

Question 59

color or particles imparted to cells and tissues

Answer 59

Pigment

Question 60

process of polishing the cutting edge of the knife on leather or canvas done after honing, with toe-to-heel direction

Answer 60

Stropping

Question 61

the rapid freezing of tissue during freeze-drying as a means of preservation

Answer 61

Quenching

Question 62

the process of coloring the cell, cellular constituents and tissue fibers to facilitate optical differentiation by microscopic examination

Answer 62

Staining

Question 63

a toothed-wheel turned by means of an engaging pawl, a part of a microtome

Answer 63

Ratchet-wheel

Question 64

a dye or mixture of dyes used to impart color to the substance

Answer 64

Stain

Question 65

the ratio of the velocity of light in air to the velocity of light in a substance

Answer 65

Refractive index

Question 66

a thin layer of cell out on a microscope slide

Answer 66

Smear

Question 67

technique of overstaining and then washing out or differentiating the excess stain

Answer 67

Regressive staining

Question 68

extremely thin slices of tissue usually 4-5um in thickness

Answer 68

Sections

Question 69

tears across a section due to dirt, foreign bodies on the tissue or a "nick" in the knife

Answer 69

Scores