Definition, Sources, Characteristics, Etc

Question 1

Types of Waste

Answer 1

Municipal Solid Waste
Industrial Waste
Medical Waste
Radioactive Waste
Hazardous Waste

Question 2

Waste composition

Answer 2

Industrial- 93.7%
Hazardous- 5%
Municipal-1.2%
Radioactive- <0.1%
Medical- <0.1%

Question 3

Water Pollution

Answer 3

Any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects the health of organisms

Question 4

Sources of Water Pollution

Answer 4

Domestic, Industries, Sewage

Question 5

How much of the wastewater in the Philippines is treated

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

Out of 127 freshwater bodies in the PH, how much has good/bad water wuality

Answer 6

Good- 47%
Bad- 13%

Question 7

Industries that contribute to water pollution

Answer 7

Pulp & Paper
Organic Chemicals
Alkalis, Chlorine
Fertilizers
Petroleum
Steel works
Power Plants

Question 8

Types of Waste

Answer 8

Cannery
Apparel
Materials
Food

Question 9

Sources of Industrial Wastewater

Answer 9

Sanitary Wastewater
Cooling
Process Wastewater
Cleaning

Question 10

Wastewater characteristics

Answer 10

COD: 5000-15000 mg/L
BOD: lower than 30%
Bad odor
High (or low) pH

Question 11

Four types of industrial effluents

Answer 11

General service effluents
Intermittent effluents
General manufacturing effluents
Specific effluents

Question 12

Effects of Industrial Wastewater

Answer 12

Plugging
Odors
pH problem
Flammables
Temperature
Hydraulic Capacity problem

Question 13

Wastewater Constituents

Answer 13

Suspended solid
Biodegradable organics
Pathogens
Nutrients
Priority pollutant
Refractory organics
Heavy metals
Dissolved organics

Question 14

Physical Cheacteristics of Industrial Waste

Answer 14

Temperature
Total Solids
Turbidity
Odors
Color

Question 15

Total Solids vs Total suspended solids

Answer 15

TS- mass remaining when wastewater os evaporated
TSS-TS after drying

Question 16

A measure of light-transmitting properties of water dues to the presence of colloidal & residual suspended matter

Answer 16

Turbidity

Question 17

Refers to the degree of absorption of light energy in the visible spectrum

Answer 17

Color

Question 18

Caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter, effects include h2s, vomiting, psychological stress

Answer 18

odor

Question 19

Chemical Characteristics of inorganic matter is caused by

Answer 19

seawater pollution/leaching of chloride-containing rocks or soil

Question 20

Inorganic matter chemical characteristics

Answer 20

Chloride > 250mg/L, taste is noticeable
Domestic water must contain<100mg/L

Question 21

Essential to the growth of algae and other organisms, should be within MW- 4-16mg/L

Answer 21

Phosphorous

Question 22

Forms of Phosphorous

Answer 22

Orthophosphate
Polyphosphate
Organic Phosphate

Question 23

Required in the synthesis of proterin, released in its degradation. Reduced significantly under anaerobic conditions which can result to h2s formation and eventually become corrosive

Answer 23

Sulfur

Question 24

Common gases in Wastewater

Answer 24

N2, O2, CO2, H2S, NH3 and CH4

Question 25

Formed by anaerobic decomp of organic matter containing sulfur or from the reduction of mineral sulfites or sulfates (is toxic)

Answer 25

H2S

Question 26

Principal byproduct from the anaerobic decomp of organic matter in wastewater

Answer 26

Methane

Question 27

Most of these are necessary for growth of biological life, many are considered as priority pollutants, toxic in excessive quantities, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Mn, Ni, & Zn

Answer 27

Metals

Question 28

chemicals present in inorganic matter

Answer 28

Chloride, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur, H2S, Methane, Metals

Question 29

Chemical Characteristics of Organic Matter

Answer 29

Principal Group: Protein, Carbs, Fats & Oils Small Amounts: Surfactants, Pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Question 30

Laboratory Methods used to meassure gross amounts of organic matter >1mg/L

Answer 30

BOD COD TOC

Question 31

These are used to determine the appropriate quantity of oxygen that will be required to biologically stabilize the organic matter present, measure of efficiency of treatment process Tested at 20C for 5 days as standard test

Answer 31

BOD

Question 32

Higher than BOD and can be completed under 2.5 hours

Answer 32

COD

Question 33

Measures biodegradable and nonbiodegradable organics, uses strong chemical agent, Accuracy +/-2%

Answer 33

COD

Question 34

Measures biodegradable organics, uses oxidizing microorganism, affected by toxic substance and temperature, accuracy +/- 10%

Answer 34

BOD

Question 35

Test methods use heat and oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, chemical oxidants to convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide which is then measured with an infrared analyzer

Answer 35

TOC

Question 36

Stoichiometric amount of O2 required to oxidize completely a given compound, can be evaluated when chemical formula is available

Answer 36

ThOD

Question 37

General Classification of microorganisms found on surface waters and WW

Answer 37

Prokaryote & Eukaryote

Question 38

Degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism,

Answer 38

Toxicity

Question 39

Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns (0-500)

Answer 39

Air Quality Index

Question 40

5 Major Air Pollutants (Forms smog altogethe)

Answer 40

Carbon Monoxide Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Particulate Matter Ground Level Ozone

Question 41

Colorless, odorless, produced when carbon does not burn fossil fuels, deprives body of O2, causes fatigue, headaches, and impaired vision

Answer 41

Carbon Monoxide

Question 42

Produced when coal and fuel oil are burned, present in power plant exhaust, narrows airway, causes wheezing, shortness of breath

Answer 42

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 43

Reddish, brown gas, produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen, present in car exhaust, affects lungs, increases chance of respiratory infection

Answer 43

Nitrogen Dioxide

Question 44

Particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere, can build up in the respiratory system, aggravates heart and lung disease

Answer 44

Particulate Matter

Question 45

Formed from car, powerplant exhaust, irritates respiratory system and reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging the lining of the lungs

Answer 45

Ground Level Ozone

Question 46

Forms when heat and sunlight react with gases

Answer 46

Smog