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Definitions Flashcards

(20 cards)

1
Q

Anticodon

A

Three consecutive bases on the tRNA

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2
Q

Codon

A

Three consecutive bases on the mRNA

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3
Q

Deletion Mutation

A

A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is removed, resulting in a frame shift

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4
Q

DNA

A

A, T and C, G are base pairs. Double stranded, helix shape large, molecule, a whole chromosome deoxyribose sugar

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5
Q

Enzyme

A

A folded protein which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction in an organism

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6
Q

Frameshift

A

Change in bases that the ribosome reads

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7
Q

Gene

A

Is a piece of DNA which codes for the making of a protein, trait.

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8
Q

Gene expression

A

The process where our instructions on our DNA are covered into a functional protein, includes transcription, translation and protein folding

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9
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism for a feature eg. heterozygous (Bb) , homozygous dominant (BB), homozygous recessive (bb)

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance of a feature eg. hair colour, height, eye colour

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11
Q

Insertion mutation

A

A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is added resulting in a frameshift

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12
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions, where the product of one reaction becomes substrate of the next

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13
Q

Missense mutations

A

A change of the base on the DNA which codes for a different amino acid. This may or may not alter the shape of the protein and therefore it’s function

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14
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA. Made during the transcription in the nucleus. Carries the instructions to the ribosomes to make a polypeptide chain. Contains codons

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15
Q

Mutagen

A

Environmental factor which causes the mutation eg. agent orange, x-rays

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16
Q

Mutation

A

A permanent change on the bases on the DNA

17
Q

Non-sense mutation

A

A change of the base on the DNA. which changes the instructions, so a STOP codon occurs in the wrong place. Protein is greatly affected

18
Q

Peptide bond

A

Bond formed between 2 amino acids during translation

19
Q

Point mutation

A

A change of only one or a few bases on the DNA

20
Q

Protein

A

A substance made up of many amino acids joined together to form a polypeptide chain. which gets folded into a