Definitions Flashcards
(21 cards)
Anti-psychiatry
A term used to describe a broad coalition of people and ideas who have opposed the theories and practices of psychiatry
Psychosis
An individual’s state of mind that is ‘out of touch’ with reality. The individual has no understanding that they are in this state. Typical symptoms include hallucinations (hearing, smelling or seeing things that are not here) and delusions (believing something to be true that others deem impossible)
Psychiatry
The specialist branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of mental illness
Pauper lunatic
A term used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to identify individuals who required local authority support due to poverty and who were also recognised to be suffering from insanity
Moral treatment
A form of treatment for insanity that supposed that a cure could be achieved through placing a patient in calm, restful and attractive surroundings, treating them with respect and encouraging good behaviour.
Moral insanity
A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to a supposed psychological disorder that was associated with antisocial and criminal behaviour.
Medical model
The idea that physical and mental difficulties experienced by an individual can be understood in terms of an identifiable disorder existing within that individual.
Service-user movement
A term used to describe the broad coalition of groups and individuals who speak out, individually and collectively, for their own rights and to draw attention to the difficulties experienced by those who have caused to use or receive mental health services
Assimilation and co-option
These terms refer to a process whereby service-user groups become incorporated within professional organisations and their oppositional voice can therefore be neutralised
Loved experience
The value given to those who have experience of difficulties or mental health services and the expert knowledge this gives them.
Coproduction
A deliberative process that requires service-user members and ‘professionals’ to be involved on an equal footing throughout every stage of the design and delivery research
Patient participation and involvement
Usually refers to a process in which patients (service users) are consulted about some aspect(s) of a predetermined research process
Psychotherapy
The use of a wide range of techniques usually involving regular interpersonal meetings with a therapist, to work through emotional or behavioural difficulties in order to improve mental health or well-being
Psychoanalysis
A form of long-term one-to-one talking therapy developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers since the 1890s. It focuses on examining unconscious feelings, thoughts and desires, particularly through analysing transference
Psychoanalytic theory
A set of concepts and ideas underlying psychoanalytic practice, including theories about the structure of the conscious and unconscious mind, the emotional legacies of childhood relationships, with parents, and sexual development.
Oedipus complex
A concept suggested by Freud describing a young child, unconscious desire towards one of their (usually same-sex) parents, and consequence, feelings of rivalry and jealousy, Swansea other parents. Regarded as a key developmental stage.
Psychosexual development
Freud framework for describing the development of a child’s sexuality in 5 stages as their sexual drives become associated with different body parts. The stages are: oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital.
Collective unconscious
A concept suggested by Carl Jung to describe unconscious structures of the mind shared by all members of a species or a group. These included instincts and universal symbols identified in myth and folklore, which he termed ‘archetypes’.
Cognitive behavioural therapy
A collection of therapeutic techniques that has gained prominence since the 1960s. CBT aims to address maladaptive beliefs and behaviours and is based on both behaviour modification and cognitive approaches.
Conditioning
A process of learning by association whereby particular behaviours or beliefs become reinforced through repeated association with a stimulus (classical conditioning) or through reward or punishment (operant conditioning).
Behaviourism
A theory of human and animal psychology, popular in the mid-twentieth century, that focuses on observable behaviours that can be explained and changed through learning and conditioning, rather than through unconscious drives and conflicts.
