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definitions Flashcards

1
Q

ABFRACTION

A

ABFRACTION: The hypothetical process leading to the loss of cervical tooth structure due to a combination of abrasion, erosion, and/or occlusal forces; data supporting this term as a discrete clinical entity are equivocal. See also ABRASION and EROSION.

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2
Q

ABRASION

A

ABRASION: The wearing away of tooth structure or restorative material through an abnormal mechanical process. Examples include gingival and dental abrasions due to incorrect brushing. #Diagnostic Terminology

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3
Q

ABSCESS

A

ABSCESS: Localized collection of purulent exudate (pus) in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues due to an infectious process or foreign material.

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4
Q

ABSCESS: CHRONIC ABSCESS

A

ABSCESS: CHRONIC ABSCESS: 1. Abscess of comparatively slow development with little evidence of inflammation. There may be an intermittent discharge of purulent matter. 2. Long-standing collection of purulent exudate. It may follow an acute abscess. See also RESIDUAL …

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5
Q

ABSCESS: GINGIVAL ABSCESS

A

ABSCESS: GINGIVAL ABSCESS: A localized purulent infection that involves the marginal gingiva or interdental papilla. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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6
Q

ABSCESS: PERICORONAL ABSCESS

A

ABSCESS: PERICORONAL ABSCESS: A localized purulent infection within the tissue surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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7
Q

ABSCESS: RESIDUAL ABSCESS

A

ABSCESS: RESIDUAL ABSCESS: Persistent abscess formed by the residues of a previous infection or foreign material.

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8
Q

ABSORPTION

A

ABSORPTION: 1. Passage of a substance into the interior of another substance. 2. Passage of fluids or substances through tissues. 3. Attenuation of radiation energy by the substance through which it passes. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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9
Q

ABUTMENT

A

ABUTMENT: Tooth, root, or implant used to support and/or retain a fixed or removable prosthesis. #Prosthodontics

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10
Q

ACANTHOLYSIS

A

ACANTHOLYSIS: Dissolution of the intercellular attachments within the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of stratified squamous epithelium. Classically seen in pemphigus vulgaris during vesicle and bulla formation. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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11
Q

ACANTHOSIS

A

ACANTHOSIS: Hyperplasia of the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in thickened rete ridges or widening of this layer. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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12
Q

ACCRETION

A

ACCRETION: Accumulation on the teeth of foreign materials such as plaque, materia alba, and calculus. #Miscellaneous

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13
Q

ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX

A

ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX: An allogenic collagen material that has been treated to remove all cells to provide a matrix to support tissue regeneration and re-vascularization ultimately being transformed into host tissue. Indicated in mucogingival/regenerative procedures. …

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14
Q

ACHE

A

ACHE: Any dull, continuous or throbing pain. It is a subjective sensation, thought to be the psychological manifestation of c-fiber (slow, nonmyelinated) nociceptive impulses with origin outside the central nervous system. #Miscellaneous

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15
Q

ADHESION

A

ADHESION: The property of remaining in close proximity; the molecular attraction existing between the surfaces of contacting bodies. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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16
Q

ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT

A

ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT: Supplementary and additional therapeutic procedures. In periodontics, it generally refers to procedures other than scaling and root planing and surgical therapy, such as chemotherapy, occlusal therapy. #Miscellaneous

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17
Q

ADSORPTION

A

ADSORPTION: The attachment of a substance to the surface of another. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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18
Q

ADSORPTION

A

ADSORPTION: The attachment of a substance to the surface of another. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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19
Q

ALLELE

A

ALLELE: One of two or more different genes that may occupy the same locus on a specific chromosome. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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20
Q

ALVEOLAR CREST

A

ALVEOLAR CREST: The most coronal portion of the alveolar process. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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21
Q

ALVEOLUS

A

ALVEOLUS: The socket in the bone into which a tooth is attached by means of the periodontal ligament. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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22
Q

ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA

A

ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of a nerve trunk. #Pharmacology

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23
Q

ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA

A

ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of a nerve trunk. #Pharmacology

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24
Q

ANESTHESIA: INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA

A

ANESTHESIA: INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of terminal nerves. #Pharmacology

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25
Q

ANGULAR CHEILITIS

A

ANGULAR CHEILITIS: An inflammatory lesion at the labial commissures or corners of the mouth. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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26
Q

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

A

ANKYLOGLOSSIA: Partial or complete fusion of the tongue with the floor of the mouth or the lingual gingiva due to an abnormally short, mid-line lingual frenulum, resulting in restricted tongue movement. Also known as Tongue-tie. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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27
Q

ANTRUM: MAXILLARY ANTRUM

A

ANTRUM: MAXILLARY ANTRUM: The air cavity in the body of the maxilla, lined with respiratory epithelium, that normally lies superior to the roots of the premolars and molars and generally extends from the canine or premolar region posterior to the molar or tuberosity …

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28
Q

APHTHA

A

APHTHA (plural APHTHAE): An ulcer of the oral mucous membrane occurring exclusively on movable tissue. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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29
Q

APHTHA: HERPETIFORM APHTHA

A

HERPETIFORM APHTHA: Characterized by clusters of multiple, shallow ulcers throughout the oral cavity. Almost continuous in nature. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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30
Q

APHTHA: MAJOR APHTHA

A

MAJOR APHTHA: Large, scarring, recurrent aphthae, which may last for weeks or months. Previously termed periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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31
Q

APHTHA: MINOR APHTHA

A

MINOR APHTHA: The most common form of recurrent aphthae. Also known as a canker sore. Shallow, painful, non-scarring ulcers surrounded by an erythematous halo that are usually found on movable, non-keratinized oral mucosa. Also known as Canker Sores. #OralPatholo …

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32
Q

ARCHITECTURE: POSITIVE ARCHITECTURE

A

POSITIVE ARCHITECTURE: When the crest of the interdental gingiva or bone is located coronal to its midfacial midlingual margins. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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33
Q

ARCHITECTURE: REVERSE ARCHITECTURE

A

REVERSE ARCHITECTURE: When the crest of the interdental gingiva or bone is located apical to its midfacial and midlingual margins. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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34
Q

ATTACHMENT: ATTACHMENT APPARATUS

A

ATTACHMENT: ATTACHMENT APPARATUS: The cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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35
Q

ATTACHMENT: CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LEVEL

A

ATTACHMENT: CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LEVEL: The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the tip of a periodontal probe during periodontal diagnostic probing. The health of the attachment apparatus can affect the measurement. #EmbryologyandAnatomy

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36
Q

ATTACHMENT: NEW ATTACHMENT

A

ATTACHMENT: NEW ATTACHMENT: The union of connective tissue or epithelium with a root surface that has been deprived of its original attachment apparatus. This new attachment may be epithelial adhesion and/or connective adaptation or attachment and may include new cementum.

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37
Q

ATTACHMENT: RELATIVE ATTACHMENT LEVEL

A

ATTACHMENT: RELATIVE ATTACHMENT LEVEL: The distance from a fixed reference point on a tooth or stent to the tip of the periodontal probe during usual periodontal diagnostic probing. The health of the attachment apparatus can affect the measurement. See also ATTACHMENT: …

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38
Q

BIOLOGIC WIDTH

A

BIOLOGIC WIDTH: The dimension of soft tissue composed of a connective tissue and epithelial attachment extending from the crest of bone to the most apical extent of the pocket or sulcus. #DiagnosticTerminology

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39
Q

BONE: BUNDLE BONE

A

BONE: BUNDLE BONE: A type of alveolar bone, so-called because of the “bundle” pattern caused by the continuation of the principal (Sharpey’s) fibers into it. #BoneBiology

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40
Q

BONE: BUTTRESSING BONE

A

BONE: BUTTRESSING BONE: Excessive bone formation occurring on the marginal alveolar bone which is theorized to occur as a result of traumatogenic occlusion. #BoneBiology

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41
Q

CENTRIC PREMATURITY

A

CENTRIC PREMATURITY: An occlusal contact or interference that occurs before a balanced and stable jaw-to-jaw relationship is reached in centric occlusion or centric relation. #Occlusion

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42
Q

CENTRIC RANGE

A

CENTRIC RANGE : The physical distance that exists between centric relation and maximum intercuspation as viewed in the horizontal and sagittal planes. #Occlusion

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43
Q

CENTRIC RELATION

A

CENTRIC RELATION: 1. The most retruded physiologic relation of the mandible to the maxilla from which lateral movements can be made. Can exist at various degrees of jaw separation and occurs around the terminal hinge axis. 2. The most posterior relation. #Occlusi …

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44
Q

CHEMOTAXIS

A

CHEMOTAXIS: The migration of cells along a concentration gradient of an attractant. #Microbiology

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45
Q

CICATRIX

A

CICATRIX: The fibrous connective tissue that follows the healing of a wound; a scar. #SystemicPathology

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46
Q

CICATRIX

A

CICATRIX: The fibrous connective tissue that follows the healing of a wound; a scar. #SystemicPathology

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47
Q

COLLAGENASE

A

COLLAGENASE: A neutral metalloproteinase that catalyzes the degradation of collagen. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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48
Q

COMPLEMENT

A

COMPLEMENT : A group of serum proteins involved in the opsonization of microorganisms, attraction of phagocytes, increased blood flow and increased capillary permeability in sites of infection, and the lysis of cell membranes, gram negative bacteria and enveloped viuses. …

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49
Q

CORTICOTOMY

A

CORTICOTOMY: Any surgical cut in bone that involves the cortex, typically made in a horizontal or vertical orientation. Can be utilized to enhance bleeding sites. Also called decortication and utilized in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. #Surgica …

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50
Q

CROWN LENGTHENING

A

CROWN LENGTHENING: A surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of supragingival tooth structure, primarily for restorative purposes, by apically positioning the gingival margins with or without the removal of supporting bone. See also ANATOMICAL CROWN EXPOSURE. …

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51
Q

CURETTAGE

A

CURETTAGE: Scraping or cleaning the walls of a cavity or surface by means of a curet. #NonsurgicalTherapy

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52
Q

CYST

A

CYST: A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium and usually containing fluid or semisolid material. #SystemicPathology

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53
Q

CYST: KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR

A

CYST: KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: Developmental odontogenic cyst of the dental lamina in which the epithelial cells produce keratin; known for its aggressive nature and high recurrence rate. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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54
Q

CYST: APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST

A

CYST: APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST: The most common odontogenic cyst; involving the apex of a root and resulting from the inflammatory reaction to a nonvital pulp. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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55
Q

CYST: CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR

A

CYST: CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: An odontogenic cyst found most often in the mandibular canine and premolar region; has distinct microscopic features including basal epithelial cells that resemble ameloblasts. The single most distinct microscopic feature is …

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56
Q

CYST: DENTIGEROUS CYST

A

CYST: DENTIGEROUS CYST: Forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth or odontoma. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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57
Q

CYST: GINGIVAL CYST

A

CYST: GINGIVAL CYST: Found within the gingiva, most commonly in the mandibular canine-premolar region. Believed to be derived from epithelial rests of the dental lamina. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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58
Q

CYST: MUCOCELE

A

CYST: MUCOCELE: A cyst or cyst-like structure that contains mucous glycoproteins. A mucocele is an extraductal extravasation of mucus into surrounding stroma. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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59
Q

CYST: ODONTOGENIC CYST

A

CYST: ODONTOGENIC CYST: A class of cysts derived from odontogenic epithelium, such as Primordial, dentigerous, and lateral periodontal cysts. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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60
Q

CYST: PERIODONTAL CYST

A

PERIODONTAL CYST.: A developmental odontogenic epithelium lined cyst that occures along the lateral root surface of a vital tooth. Also known a Lateral Radicular Cyst or Lateral Periodontal Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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61
Q

CYST: PRIMORDIAL CYST

A

CYST: PRIMORDIAL CYST: An odontogenic cyst resulting from degeneration of the enamel organ of a developing tooth bud. The VAST majority of all primordial cysts are Odontogenic Keratocysts upon histopathologic examination. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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62
Q

CYST: RADICULAR CYST

A

CYST: RADICULAR CYST: A cyst along the root of a tooth. Also known as an Apical Periodontal Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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63
Q

CYST: RANULA

A

CYST: RANULA: Forms in the floor of the mouth as a result of trauma or blockage of a salivary gland duct. It may be lined with epithelium. A ranula is mucus extravasation occurring in the floor of the mouth and usually associated with a sublingual gland. It is lined …

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64
Q

CYST: RESIDUAL CYST

A

CYST: RESIDUAL CYST: A cyst in the maxilla or mandible that remains after the associated tooth has been removed. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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65
Q

CYST: RETENTION CYST

A

CYST: RETENTION CYST: Caused by retention of glandular secretion. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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66
Q

CYST: SIMPLE BONE CYST

A

CYST: SIMPLE BONE CYST: Benign, empty or fluid-filled space within bone that is lacking an epithelial lining. Also known as Hemorrhagic Bone Cyst or Traumatic Bone Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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67
Q

CYTOKINES

A

CYTOKINES: A large group of proteins or glycoproteins capable of regulating a wide variety of cellular functions during immune responses. Examples include tranforming growth factor, interferons, interleukins and tumor necrosis factors. #Immunology

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68
Q

EPITHELIUM: CREVICULAR EPITHELIUM

A

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM: A unique squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium that forms the base of the gingival sulcus and adheres to both tooth and the underlying lamina propria the base of the gingival crevice. The cells of the junctional epithelium attach to these structures …

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69
Q

EPITHELIUM: JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM

A

CREVICULAR EPITHELIUM: The non-keratinized epithelium that lines the inner aspect of the gingival crevice and is contiguous with the outer oral epithelium and the junctional epithelium. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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70
Q

EPITHELIUM: ORAL EPITHELIUM

A

ORAL EPITHELIUM: The epithelial lining of the oral mucosa which is a stratified squamous epithelium of varying degrees of keratinization. #HistologyandCellularBiology

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71
Q

EPULIS

A

EPULIS: A non-specific term for any tumor of the gIngiva. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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72
Q

ERUPTION, DENTAL: ACTIVE ERUPTION

A

ERUPTION, DENTAL: ACTIVE ERUPTION: The process by which a tooth moves from its germinative position to its functional position in occlusion with the opposing arch. #DiagnosticTerminology

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73
Q

ERUPTION, DENTAL: PASSIVE ERUPTION

A

ERUPTION, DENTAL: PASSIVE ERUPTION: Tooth exposure secondary to apical migration of the gingival margin to a location at or slightly coronal to the cemento-enamel junction. #DiagnosticTerminology

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74
Q

ERYTHEMA: LINEAR GINGIVAL ERYTHEMA

A

LINEAR GINGIVAL ERYTHEMA: A gingival manifestation of immunosuppression characterized by a distinct linear erythematous band limited to the free gingiva. Linear gingival erythema has been shown to be a pattern of candidiasis. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine

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75
Q

GIngival fibers

A

FIBER: ALVEOGINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: ALVEOLAR CREST FIBER
FIBER: APICAL FIBER
FIBER: CIRCULAR FIBER
FIBER: DENTOGINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: DENTOPERIOSTEAL FIBER
FIBER: GINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: HORIZONTAL FIBER
FIBER: INTERRADICULAR FIBER
FIBER: OBLIQUE FIBER
FIBER: PRINCIPAL FIBER
FIBER: TRANSSEPTAL FIBER

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76
Q

Fibrinous exudate

A

an abundance of fibrinogen resulting in subsequent fibrin formation at the site of injury

77
Q

Hemorrhagic Exudate

A

an abundance of red blood cells in tissue or on tissue surfaces

78
Q

Purulent Exudate

A

exudate with PMN Leukocytes, resulting in pus formation

79
Q

FIbroblast

A

The predominant connective tissue cell, responsible in part for the production and remodeling of the ECM. Flattened and irregularly branched cell

80
Q

Fibrosis

A

a fibrous chance of the mucous membranes, especially the gingiva, as a result of chronic inflammation. GIngiva may appear outwardly healthy, masking underlying disease

81
Q

mucoperiosteal flap

A

a full thickness flap that includes the periosteum

82
Q

Pedicle flap

A

any flap that is mobilized to a new location with the use of lateral incisions, yet retains its natural connection at the base to preserve its blood supply

83
Q

Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis

A

a diffuse radiopaque lesion believed to represent a localized bony reaction to a low-grade infection of the pulp, usually at the apex of a tooth.

84
Q

Fordyce Granules

A

sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa

85
Q

Gingiva

A

the fibrous infesting tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth

86
Q

Attached gingiva

A

the gingiva bound to the tooth from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction

87
Q

Free gingiva

A

the part of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth and is not directly attached to the tooth surface.

88
Q

Marginal gingiva

A

the terminal edge of the gingiva surrounding the tooth in collar-like fashion, usually about 1mm wide, forms a wall of the gingival crevice in health

89
Q

Gingival enlargement

A

an overgrowth or increase in size of the gingiva

90
Q

Gingival fibromatosis

A

idiopathic or familial progressive gingival enlargement

91
Q

desquamative gingivitis

A

a non-specific term describing erythema and ulceration of the free and attached gingiva. It reflects diffuse inflammation of the gingiva with sloughing of the surface epithelium

92
Q

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A

an inflammatory disease of the gingiva which reflects an impaired host response with signs and symptosm including pain, interdental papillary necrosis, and a tendency toward spontaneous bleeding. Occasionally a pseudomembrane forms over the necrotic, ulcerated gingiva. Predisposing factors are stress, poor OH, malnutrition, smoking and immunodeficiencies.

93
Q

Gingivostomatitis

A

inflammation affecting both the gingiva and the oral mucosa

93
Q

Glossalgia

A

pain associated with the tongue

94
Q

Glossodynia

A

painful or burning tongue

95
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Healing tissue that forms in response to any injury or surgical insult of soft tissue and consists of fibroblasts, capillary buds, inflammatory cells, and edema

96
Q

Granuloma

A

a reactive nodule consisting of modified macrophages resembling epithelial cells surrounded by a rim of mononucler cells, usually lymphocytes, often containing giant cells

97
Q

Central giant cell granuloma

A

a lytic lesion displaying loose fibrillar connective tissue, numerous capillaries, and multinuclear giant cells

98
Q

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

A

A reactive proliferation of osteoclasts arising from the periosteum or superficial periodontal ligament, possibly in response to a local irritation or trauma

99
Q

Guided bone regeneration

A

A surgical procedure with the goal of augmenting bone volume in edentulous or peri-implant areas using a barrier membrane, often in conjunction with bone grafting materials or biologics

100
Q

Primary intention healing

A

where incised tissue edges are held in close approximation until union occurs

101
Q

Secondary intention healing

A

Wound closure where the wound edges remain separated and the wound heals form the base and sides via formation of granulation tissue.

102
Q

Tertiary intention healing

A

delayed primary closure, where when there is a large infection the wound is left open several days following tissue injury.

103
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

an ultrasctuctural feature found on teh basal surface of some epithelial cells forming hte site of attachment between the basal surface and the basement membrane

104
Q

Hertwigs epithelial root sheath

A

an extension of the enamel organ. Determines the shape of the roots and initiates dentin formation during tooth development. Its remnants persist as epithelial rests of Mallasez in the PDL.

105
Q

Hyperplasia

A

an increase in the size of a structure due to an increase in the number of cells

106
Q

Hypoplasia

A

defective or incomplete development

107
Q

External Bevel Incision

A

a resective incision angled in an apical-to-coronal direction which is intended to reduce the thickness of amount of mucogingival tissue and allow for healing by secondary intention, usually during gingivectomy or gingivoplasty

108
Q

Internal bevel incision

A

An acute or oblique surgical incision angled toward the tooth surface in a coronal to apical direction to reduce the thickness or amount of mucogingival tissue.

109
Q

Biointegration

A

A bonding of living bone to the surface of an implant which is independent of any mechanical interlocking mechanism

110
Q

fibro-osseous integration

A

the interposition of healthy dense collagenous tissue between implant and bone

111
Q

Integrins

A

in the family of cellular adhesion molecules that act as specialized receptors that mediate the interactions between basal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix

112
Q

Keratins

A

30 proteins that form intermediate filaments of the epithelial cell cytoskeleton

113
Q

keratosis

A

any keratinous growth, such as a wart or callus

114
Q

labioversion

A

any deviation of the dental arch toward the lip

115
Q

Lamina Dura

A

a thin layer of compact bone formign the wall of hte tooth alveolus

116
Q

Lamina Propria

A

in a mucous membrane the connective tissue layer just beneath the epithelium and the basement membrane

117
Q

Lysosomes

A

intracellular cytoplasmic vessicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes, especially prominant in phagocytic cells such as PMNs and macrophages

118
Q

Lysozyme

A

a low molecular weight enzyme present in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions that functions as an antibacterial hydrolase in susceptible bacteria

119
Q

Matrix Metalloproteinases

A

a group of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix, such as collagen. These proteinases play a central role in normal tissue remodeling as well as inflammation

120
Q

Melanin

A

a dark, amorphous pigment of the skin, hair, various tumors, the choroid coat of the eye, and substantia nigra of the brain.

121
Q

morbidity

A

the condition of being diseased

122
Q

alveolar mucosa

A

mucosa covering the basal part o the alveolar process and continuing into the vestibular forinx and the floor of the mouth. It is loosely attached to the periosteum and is movable

123
Q

masticatory mucosa

A

the gingiva and ht emucosal covering of the hard palate

124
Q

Oral mucosa

A

the tissue lining the oral cavity

125
Q

mucositis

A

inflammation of a mucous membrane

126
Q

NEvus

A

a pigmented or non-pigmented lesion on the skin or mucosa, which may undergo malignant transformation. A birthmark, a circumscribed malformation of the skin, especially if colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity.

127
Q

Nikolsky’s Sign

A

when the superficial layer of skin may be rubbed off with slight trauma, originally associated with pemphigus vulgaris, but also seen in several bullous conditions

128
Q

Occlusal Trauma

A

injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus due to physiologic or parafunctional forces which may exceed its adaptive capacity

129
Q

odontoma

A

a developmental anomaly consisting of a calcified mass of enamel, dentin, and cementum that may or may not resemble a tooth

130
Q

Oligodontia

A

A subdivision of hypodontia that demonstrates lack of development of six or more teeth

131
Q

Oncogene

A

a gene controlling cellular proliferation which altered through mutation or included in viral genome can promote neoplastic transformation of normal cells

132
Q

Opsonin

A

a substance capable of enhancing phagocytosis (antibody, compliment, etc)

133
Q

Osseous Dysplasia

A

a benign fobro-osseous lesion in which periapical bone of vital teth is repalced first by a fibrous type of connective tissue, then by an osseocementoid tissue. this begins radiolucent then becomes radiopaque over time.

134
Q

Ostectomy

A

removal of alveolar bone proper (tooth supporting bone) in osseous resective and/or crown lengthening surgery, often to establish a positive bony architecture

135
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone in the Haversian spaces, cannals, and their branches

136
Q

Osteogenic

A

any tissue or substance with the potential to induce growth or repair of bone
Also the quality of an autogenous graft which enables it to lead to bone formation via the transplant of viable osteoblasts within the graft.

137
Q

Osteoinductive

A

The quality of biologic adjunct, growth factor, or graft material which leads to differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts; this potential is often achieved via release of bone inductive proteins from the material

138
Q

Overdenture

A

complete or partial removable denture supported by soft tissue and retained roots or implants to provide support, retention, stability, and reduce ridge resorption

139
Q

Overgrowth

A

excessive enlargement of a part, usually an organ or tissue, due to an increase in size of the constituent cells (hypertrophy) or number of constituent cells (hyperplasia) or both

140
Q

pancytopenia

A

a pronounced reduction in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

141
Q

filiform papilla

A

numerous conocal keratinized projections covering most of the dorsum of the tongue. These papillae are mechanical and are not involved in gustation

142
Q

foliate papilla

A

a series of parallel mucosal projections containing taste buds. They are located on the lateral margins of the tongue just anterior to the palatoglossal fold.

143
Q

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome

A

a syndrome caused by a defect in the gene for cathepsin C which leads to hyperkeratosis with severe periodontal destruction in the primary and permanent dentition

144
Q

parenteral administration

A

a technique of administration in which the drug bypasses the GI tract (such as IM, IV, SM, SC, IO)

145
Q

paroxysm

A

a sharp spasm or convulsion

146
Q

PASS principle

A

a principle of successful regenerative procedures (GBR or GTR) which stands for primary wound closure, Angiogenesis, Space maintenance, and stability of the blood clot

147
Q

Passivity

A

The property of the oxidised surface on the metal of an implant that allows it to not break down under physiological conditions

148
Q

Pathogenesis

A

the mechanism by which a disease starts and progresses

149
Q

Pedicle

A

Graft tissue that remains attached to the donor site to maintain blood supply

150
Q

Pemphigoid

A

A chronic vesiculobullous autoimmune disorder that primarly affects the mucosa in older femals; characterized by a sub-basalar separation of epithelium from connective tissue; almost all cases have an oral involvement with the gingiva being most favored site

151
Q

Pemphigus

A

a group of autoimmune bullous diseases (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, and pemphigus erythematosus) that affect skin and mucous membranes primarily between the fourth and sixth decades of life, characterized by acantholysis and intraepithelial blistering; untreated, the mortality rate of these diseases ranges from 70-100%

152
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Major structural component in bacterial cell walls, thicker in gram positive than gram negative bacteria. Synthesis is inhibited by beta-lactam antibiotics

153
Q

Peri-implant mucositis

A

a disease inwhich the presence of inflammation is confined to hte mucosa surrounding a dental implant wiht no signs of loss of supporting bone

154
Q

peri-implantitis

A

an inflammatory process around an implant which includes both soft tissue inflammation and loss of supporting bone

155
Q

Periodontal disease

A

The pathologic process affecting the periodontium, most often gingivitis and periodontitis

156
Q

Pseudopocket

A

a deepening of the gingival crevice resulting primarily from an increase in bulk of the gingiva without apical migration of the junctional epithelium or destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

157
Q

Refractory Peirodontitis

A

a condition in which one or more forms of periodontitis are unresponsive to treatment despite excellent patient compliance and delivery of periodontal therapy that ordinarily is successful in arresting the progression of periodontitis

158
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

Gingival growth which arises form the periosteum or superficial periodontal ligament and may be pedunculated or sessile

159
Q

Petechiae

A

hemorrhagic spots of pinpoint to pinhead size in the skin or mucous membrane

160
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and its action of mechanism in the body. Also includes the effects on actions of other drugs

161
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of druvs

162
Q

Plasma cell

A

An antibody producing B lymphocyte that has reached the end of its differentiation pathway

163
Q

Plasmid

A

a circular DNA molecule that is maintained separately from the cell’s chromosomal DNA and is capable of replicating itself. Plasmids are found mainly in bacteria and also in some eukaryotes, and may encode genes for antibiotic resistance.

164
Q

positive predictive value

A

The proportion of positive responses to a diagnostic test for disease who actually have the disease. Calculated by the true positive responses divided by the sum of true positive and false positive responses

165
Q

Prodrome

A

a premonitory symptom of disease, that indicates the onset of a disease

166
Q

Progenitor cell

A

an undifferentiated cell that gives rise to one or more types of more specialized cells

167
Q

Prostaglandins

A

a group of fatty acid compounds derived from arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase pathway that are potent regulators of a variety of biological processes; aspirin and ibuprofen are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

168
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Extracellular and cell surface macromolecules that cunction in cell adhesion, growth, and organization of the extracellular matrix

169
Q

Pseudomembrane

A

a falsemembrane, usually consisting of necrotic epithelium and debris, as seen in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis

169
Q

pyogenic

A

a pus-producing substance or agent

169
Q

Regeneration

A

reproduction or reconstitution of an injured tissue similar or identical to its original form

169
Q

Guided tissue regeneration

A

a surgical procedure with the goal of achieving new bone, cementum, and PDL attachment to a periodontally diseased tooth using barrier devices or membranes to provide space maintenance, epithelial exclusion, and wound stabilization.

170
Q

bone resorption

A

bone loss due to osteoclastic activity

170
Q

Repair

A

healing of a wound by tissue that does not fully restore the architecture or function of the original part.

171
Q

Cavernous bone resorption

A

bone loss of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible due to osteoclastic activity, either physiologically or pathologically, resulting in hollow spaces within the maxilla and/or mandible

172
Q

Risk determinant

A

a risk factor that cannot be modified (genetics, age)

173
Q

Risk Factor

A

Environmental, behavioral, or biologic cavtors that increase the liklihood of developing disease, identified through longitudinal studies and confirmed to be present before the onset of disease (smoking, diabetes, pathogenic bacteria)

174
Q

scar

A

fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues destroyed by injury or disease

175
Q

statistical sensitivity

A

the ability of a diagnostic test to detect a disease when present in a diseased population. Calculated by true positives divided by the sum of true positives plus false negatives.

176
Q

sessile

A

having a broad base of attachment, not pedunculated

177
Q

Socket Seal

A

a minimally invasive form of ridge augmentation in which soft tissue autograft is used to cover an augmented socket, commonly used for esthetic and functional pontic site development

178
Q

Statistical specificity

A

the ability of a diagnostic test to detect the absence of disease in a healthy population. Calculated by true negatives divided by the sum of true negatives plus false positives

179
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing or stricture of a duct, canal, or vessel

180
Q

Stillmans cleft

A

an epithelial invagination which manifests as an epithelial lined split in the gingiva

181
Q

transmucosal

A

that portion of the oral implant system that passes through the mucosa

182
Q

VESICLE

A

an elevation of the skin or mucous membrane containing a watery fluid and less than 5mm in diameter

183
Q
A

AAP definitions (1 decks)

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