Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Molecules

A

Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, diamond, graphite, carbonates (or bicarbonates), carbides and cyanides

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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3
Q

A homologous series

A

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

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4
Q

Alkanes

A

Contain only single bonds and have the general formula
CnH2n + 2

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5
Q

Alkenes

A

Contain at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in the chain and have the general formula
CnH2n

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6
Q

Alkynes

A

Contain at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms in the chain and have the general formula
CnH2n -2

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7
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A chemical formula which shows how many atoms of each element there are within the molecule

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8
Q

Structural formula

A

A diagram which shows exactly where each atom within the molecule is found

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9
Q

Hydrogen bonding forces

A

Strong intermolecular forces. Found between NH3, H2O and HF
molecules. Also found between molecules of alcohols and molecules
of carboxylic acids in organic chemistry

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10
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

Weak intermolecular forces. In Organic chemistry the Weakest type = London forces (dispersion forces) and the stronger type = dipole-dipole forces.

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11
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae.

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12
Q

Condensed structural formula

A

Shows how many hydrogen atoms, and or other atoms, are
connected to each carbon atom

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13
Q

Catenation

A

The ability of carbon to bond with itself

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14
Q

A saturated compound

A

A compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

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15
Q

An unsaturated compound

A

A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

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16
Q

Combustion reaction

A

A chemical reaction where a substance burns in oxygen and releases energy and a gas

17
Q

Esterification reactions

A

When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester. The reaction is catalysed by concentrated sulphuric acid