Definitions

Question 1

Define aerobic work

Answer 1

Working at moderate intensity so that the body has time to utilise oxygen for energy production, allowing the body to work for a continuous period e.g long-distance events, for the duration of a match

Question 2

Define anaerobic work

Answer 2

Working at a high intensity without oxygen for energy production, therefore limited energy so work period will be short e.g sprinting up the wing in a football match

Question 3

Define antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 3

Pairs of muscles that work together to bring about movement. As one muscle (the agonist) contracts, the other relaxes (the antagonist). For example the biceps and triceps. The triceps relax to allow the biceps to contract to flex the arm at the elbow. Roles are reversed to extend the arm at the elbow.

Question 4

Define axis

Answer 4

A line around which the body/ body part can turn.

Question 5

Define basic skill

Answer 5

A simple skill requiring little concentration to execute.

Question 6

Define closed skill

Answer 6

A skill performed in a predictable environment e.g a player taking a penalty

Question 7

Define complex skill

Answer 7

A skill requiring a lot of attention/ concentration.

Question 8

Define deviance

Answer 8

Behaviour that goes against the moral values or laws of the sport.

Question 9

Define distributed practice

Answer 9

Intervals between skill practice in training session for for rest or mental rehearsal.

Question 10

Define exercise

Answer 10

A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/ or fitness; it is not competitive sport.

Question 11

Define energy balance

Answer 11

This is the basis of weight control. For body weight to remain constant energy input (via food) must equal energy expenditure.

Question 12

Define feedback

Answer 12

Information received during or after performance about the performance.

Question 13

Define fitness

Answer 13

The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

Question 14

Define fixed practice

Answer 14

Repeatedly practising a whole skill within a training session.

Question 15

Define frontal axis

Answer 15

Imaginary line passing horizontally through the body from left to right, allowing flexion and extension.

Question 16

Define frontal plane

Answer 16

Imaginary line dividing the body vertically from front to back. Movement occurs in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis e.g when performing a star jump.

Question 17

Define gamesmanship

Answer 17

Bending the rules/ laws of a sport without actually breaking them.

Question 18

Define guidance

Answer 18

Information to aid the learning of a skill,. This information can be given visually e.g through demonstrations; verbally e.g by the coach explaining how to perform the technique; manually e.g by physically moving the performer into the correct position; and mechanically e.g using a harness in trampolining.

Question 19

Define health

Answer 19

A state of complete emotional, physical and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

Question 20

Define high organisation skill

Answer 20

A skill that cannot be broken down easily and practised separately because the phases of the skill are closely linked e.g cartwheel, golf swing.

Question 21

Define hydration

Answer 21

Being hydrated means the body has the correct amount of water to in cells, tissues, and organs to function correctly. The average recommended daily intake of water is 2.5 litres for men and 2 litres for women.

Question 22

Define lactic acid

Answer 22

A by product of energy production. Formed when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.

Question 23

Define lactate accumulation

Answer 23

When lactate levels in the blood/ muscle rise due to increased work intensity e.g moving from aerobic to anaerobic exercise.

Question 24

Define lifestyle choice

Answer 24

The choices we make about how we live and behave that impact on our health.

Question 25

Define low organisation skill

Answer 25

A basic skill that can be broken down easily into different phases so each part can be practised separately e.g tennis serve, front crawl

Question 26

Define macronutrient

Answer 26

A type of food required in relatively large amounts in the diet - fats, carbohydrates, proteins

Question 27

Define massed practice

Answer 27

Practice that occurs without rest between trials.

Question 28

Define micronutrient

Answer 28

A type of food required in relatively small quantities in the diet - vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

Question 29

Define mechanical advantage

Answer 29

2nd class levers allow a large load to be moved with a relatively small amount of muscular effort.

Question 30

Define mechanical disadvantage

Answer 30

3rd class levers cannot lift as heavy loads, with the same amount of effort, as 2nd class levers due to the position of the effort and load from the fulcrum.

Question 31

Define muscle fibre types

Answer 31

Muscle fibres make up the skeletal muscle. The different fibre types are type I, type IIa, type IIx

Question 32

Define open skill

Answer 32

Skills performer in an unpredictable environment where the performer has to react and adjust sue to the changing nature of the situation, for example a player trying to pass the ball to a teammate who is trying to get free from the opposition.

Question 33

Define optimum weight

Answer 33

Refers to the weight someone should be on average based on their sex, height, bone structure and muscle girth.

Question 34

Define sagittal axis

Answer 34

Imaginary line passing horizontally through the body from front to back, allows abduction and adduction.

Question 35

Define anorexic

Answer 35

A prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite

Question 36

Define sportsmanship

Answer 36

Playing by the rules of a sport