definitions Flashcards
(23 cards)
physical properties
a property not associated with a change in chemical composition
chemical properties
a property associated with a change in chemical composition
accuracy
how close you are to the truth
precision
how close your results are to each other
qualitative
interpretation-based data
quantitative
number-based data
atomic number
number of protons
mass number
number of protons + neutrons
isotopes
atoms of the same element with different masses
cation
an ion with a positive charge
anion
an ion with a negative charge
ion
a charged atom
formula weight
sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the empirical formula
molecular weight/molar mass
average mass calculated by adding together the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecular formula
ionic bonds
occur between metals and nonmetals, involves a transfer of electrons (cation and an anion)
covalent bonds
occur between nonmetals, two atoms share electrons (molecular compounds)
combination reactions
two or more substances react to form one product (A + B –> AB)
decomposition reactions
one substance breaks down into two or more substances (AB –> A + B)
combustion reactions
rapid reactions that produce a flame; most often involve hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen
single replacement
one element replaces another in a composition (AB + C –> A + CB)
double replacement
two compounds exchange ions to produce two new compounds (AB + CD –> AD + CB)
oxidation and reduction
substance gaining electrons is reduced, substance losing electrons is oxidized
salts
ionic compounds which, when dissolved in water, break up completely into ions
