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A2 physics > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Radian

A

one radian is the angle suspended at the center of the circle, by a narc of length equal to the radius of the circle

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2
Q

Angular displacement

A

The angle, through which an object moves through a circle

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3
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of change of the angular position of an object as it moves along a curved path

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4
Q

period

A

The time taken by the body to complete the circular path once

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5
Q

Centripetal force

A

resultant force acting on an object moving in circle always directed towards the center of the circle perpendicular to the velocity of the object

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6
Q

centripetal acceleration

A

a= rω^2 or a=v^2/r

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7
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

gravitational force per unit mass 

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8
Q

gravitational potential at a point

A

Work done per unit of mass in bringing in miles from infinity to the point

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9
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

Mass M at the point in the gravitational field of another mass M is the work done in bringing that mass M from infinity to that point

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10
Q

Avogadro constant

A

Number of Hatem present in 12 g of carbon 12

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11
Q

Mole

A

Amount of substance containing same number of particle as in 12 g of carbon 12

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12
Q

ideal gas

A

A gas, which a basic ideal gas equation for all values of PV T

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13
Q

Boyles law

A

Pressure inversely proportional to the volume

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14
Q

Charles law

A

Volume proportional to temperature

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15
Q

mean, square velocity

A

Mean value of square of the velocities of the molecules

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16
Q

thermal equilibrium

A

A condition where two or more object in constant, have the same temperature, so there is a no net flow of energy between them 

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17
Q

Thermodynamic kelvin scale

A

theoretical scale that is independent of properties of any particular substance 

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18
Q

absolute zero

A

Temperature at which a system has minimum internal energy

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19
Q

triple point of pure water

A

Temperature at which water exist as vapor liquid and solid

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20
Q

specific heat capacity

A

Energy required per unit mass of a substance to raise the temperature by 1 K

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21
Q

specific latent heat of sim

A

Energy required per unit of mass of a substance to change from solid to liquid face without any change in temperature

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22
Q

specific latent heat of the vaporization

A

Energy required per unit mass of a substance to change from liquid to gas without any change in temperature 

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23
Q

Internal energy

A

sum of random distribution of kinetic and potential energy of molecules in a system 

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24
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat supplied to the system in the work done on the system

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25
Q

displacement

A

Instanter nails distance of the moving object from its mean position

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26
Q

amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from the mean position

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27
Q

frequency

A

Number of oscillation per unit time

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28
Q

angular frequency

A

Rate of change of angular displacement

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29
Q

Phase difference

A

Measure of how much one wave is out of step with another wave

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30
Q

simple, harmonic motion

A

Acceleration, proportional to displacement and directed towards a fixed point

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31
Q

dumping

A

Loss of energy and reduction in amplitude from an oscillating system, caused by force acting in opposite direction to the motion

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32
Q

Light dumping

A

System oscillates about equilibrium position with decreasing amplitude over a period of time

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33
Q

critical dumping

A

Season does not oscillate and is amount of dumping a corsage that the system returns to its equilibrium position in the shortest possible

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34
Q

heavy dumping

A

Damn thing is so great that the displaced object never oscillate battery turns to equilibrium position very very slowly

35
Q

natural frequency F0

A

The unforced frequency of oscillation of a freely oscillating object

36
Q

Free oscillation

A

Oscillatory motion, not object it to an external periodic driving force

37
Q

Forced oscillation

A

The maximum amplitude of vibration, when impressed frequency equals natural frequency of vibration

38
Q

Electric field of a charge

A

The space around the charge in which an electric force due to that charge is experienced

39
Q

Coulombs law

A

any two point charges exerts an electrical force on each other that is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation

40
Q

Electric field strength

A

Force per unit positive charge

41
Q

Electric potential at the point

A

The work done in bringing you need positive charge from infinity to that point

42
Q

potential difference

A

defined as work done in taking you need positive charge from B to A

43
Q

Equipotential surface

A

A surface where the electric potential is constant

44
Q

capacitance

A

The ratio of charge start by a capacitor to potential difference across it

45
Q

Farrad

A

Unit of capacitance 1 km/V

46
Q

magnetic field

A

A region of space in which a magnet a wire, carrying conductor, moving charge experiences of force

47
Q

magnetic flux

A

Number of magnetic field line passing normally to a given area

48
Q

magnetic flux density

A

Force acting per unit, current on unit length of conduct her place at right angles to that magnetic field

49
Q

Tesla

A

is the magnetic field produced in the force of one N per meter on a caring current of 1A normal to the field

50
Q

Magnetic flux

A

Product of magnetic flux density, an area, normal to feel through which the field is passing

51
Q

weber

A

The flags at Petronela Avenue 1 m² when the magnetic flux density is one Tesla

52
Q

magnetic flux linkage

A

Product of magnetic flux in number of turns

53
Q

faradays law

A

The magnitude of induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

54
Q

lenzs law

A

The direction of the Houston him if he says that attends supposed to flax linkage, causing it

55
Q

pick value

A

Highest point on the graph

56
Q

instantaneous current/voltage

A

The current/voltage at the particular instant

57
Q

root mean square, the value

A

The value of steady current/voltage that produce same power in a resistor as the alternating current/voltage

58
Q

particle model

A

Objects that are heart has mass and move about according to a lot of men, Newtonian mechanics

59
Q

wave model

A

Shaped like a sine graph, do not have my surcharge. Their defining characteristics are diffraction and interference.

60
Q

photoelectric effect

A

When an electromagnetic radiation of sufficiently high frequency falls on a metal surface electrons are emitted

61
Q

Threshold, frequency

A

minimum frequency required to release electrons from the surface of a mantle 

62
Q

work function

A

Minimum amount of energy required by electron to scape its surface

63
Q

 Emission line spectra

A

The composition of light emitted by hot gas

64
Q

Absorption line spectra

A

When white light is passed through a Cool gas

65
Q

mass defect

A

The difference between the total mass of the individual separated, nucleons in the mass of the nucleus

66
Q

binding energy

A

The minimum external energy required to separate all the neutrons and protons of a new clothes and energy released when the new clothes is assembled from its constituent nucleons

67
Q

Fission

A

Process in which a massive nuclear splits to form to smaller fragments

68
Q

Fusion

A

Process by which two very light nuclear join together to form a heavier a nucleus

69
Q

Random

A

Impossible to predict, and each new clue has same probability of decaying per unit time

70
Q

spontaneous

A

Not affected by external factors, such as the presence of another nuclei, temperature and pressure

71
Q

activity of a radioactive sample

A

is the rate at which nuclear decay

72
Q

decay constant

A

Probability that an individual nucleus will decay per unit time interval

73
Q

Half life

A

Is the mean time taken for half of the active no clay in a sample to decay

74
Q

Luminosity

A

Total radiant, energy emitted per unit

75
Q

Standard candle

A

An astronomical object of known luminosity

76
Q

light years

A

Distance traveled by light in a vacuum in a year

77
Q

radiant flex density

A

Radiant power passing normally through a surface per unit area

78
Q

Black body

A

And idealized object that absorbs all incident, electromagnetic radiation

79
Q

Wien’s displacement law

A

The higher, the temperature of the body, the shorter the wavelength, and the greater the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation at each wavelength

80
Q

Big bang theory

A

Around 13.7 billion years ago everything in the entire universe was considered as an infinitesimally small singularity, a point of infinite denseness and heat

81
Q

Red shift

A

The observed wave lengths of all the spectral lines from distant galaxies are longer than the ones observed in lab

82
Q

Doppler red shift

A

Formula for those galaxies, moving speed lower than light

83
Q

Hubbles law

A

The recession speed v of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance d

A2 physics (1 decks)

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