Definitions

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest particle of a chemical element

Question 2

Ion

Answer 2

a charged particle/ atom

Question 3

Proton number/atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (=number of electrons)

Question 4

Nucleon number/ mass number

Answer 4

Number of protons + number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

Toms of the same elements that have the same mass number but different nucleon number becaue they have different neutron number

same chemical properties, different physical properties

Question 6

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 6

Unstable isotopes, unstable nucleus, they break down, decay. As it breaks down it gives out tiny particles of rays

Question 7

Valance electrons

Answer 7

Electrons in the highest main energy level

Question 8

Ionic bond

Answer 8

1. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative ions
2. and transfer of electrons, the metal loses its valance electrons and transfers it to the non metal, non metal gains its valance electrons
3. to reach the stable electronic configuration of a noble gas.

Question 9

Lattice

Answer 9

The giant lattice structure of ionic compounds is a regular arrangememt of alterneting positive and negative ions.

Question 10

Covalent bond

Answer 10

1. A directional bond between two or more non metal atoms
2. by sharing electrns
3. to reach the stable electronic configuaration of a noble gas

Question 11

Allotrope

Answer 11

When a chemical element exists in two or more forms that may differe in the arrangement of atoms

Question 12

Metalic bonding

Answer 12

1. A force of attraction between positive metal ions
2. Ions arranged in layers in a giant lattice
3. and a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 13

Alloy

Answer 13

Mixture of a metal with another element

Question 14

Precipitate

Answer 14

Insoluble metal hydroxide

Question 15

Electrolysis

Answer 15

1. Process of decomposing
2. A molten or an aqueous compound
3. By passing an elctric current through them

Question 16

Electrode

Answer 16

The point where electric current enters and leaves the electrolytic cell

Question 17

Electrolyte

Answer 17

1. A molten or an aqueous
2. ionic compound
3. that conducts electricity
4. that undergoes electrolysis

Question 18

Cations

Answer 18

possitive ions (metal ions)

Question 19

Anions

Answer 19

Negative ions (non metal ions)

Question 20

Cathode

Answer 20

Negative electrode

Question 21

Anode

Answer 21

Possitive eletrode

Question 22

Brine

Answer 22

Concentrated sodium chloride
(can be obtained by pumping water into salt mines or evaporating sea water)

Question 23

Diaphram

Answer 23

Pourus material that lets ions through but keeps gases apart

Question 24

Inert

Answer 24

unreactive

Question 25

Oxidation

Answer 25

loss of electrons (anode)

Question 26

Reduction

Answer 26

gain of electrons (cathode)

Question 27

Hydrocarbon

Answer 27

A substance made out of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 28

Fraction

Answer 28

Mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

Question 29

Crude oil definition + how obtained + how seperated

Answer 29

Mixture of many different hydrocarbon molecules 1. Extracted by pumping water underground 2. Seperated by fractional distillation

Question 30

Fossil fuel

Answer 30

1. Made up of decomposing animal and plants millions of years ago. 2. Releases energy when burned

Question 31

Fractional distillation

Answer 31

1. Boil crude oil to vaporise it 2. Vapours pass through the fractionating coloumn 3. Which is cooler at the top tha at the bottom 4. Vapours pass through trays containg buble caps 5. Liquid condenses at each tray, piped off 6. Different fractions have different carbon carbon cahins so they have differnet boiling points

Question 32

Saturated covalent bond

Answer 32

1. Have maximum number of hydrocarbon molecules 2. Single bond between carbon carbon atoms 3. No double or triple bond

Question 33

Unsaturated covalent bond

Answer 33

Double or triple bond between carbon carbon atoms

Question 34

Unsaturated covalent bond

Answer 34

Double or triple bond between carbon carbon atoms

Question 35

Functional group

Answer 35

A group that is responsible for the chemical reactivity of the compound