Definitions

Question 1

what is an acid

Answer 1

proton donor

Question 2

what is a base

Answer 2

proton acceptor

Question 3

bases are

Answer 3

oxides or hydroxides of metals

Question 4

alkalis are

Answer 4

soluble bases (metal hydroxides)

Question 5

which ions do aqueous solutions of acids contain

Answer 5

H+

Question 6

which ions do aqueous solutions of alkalis contain

Answer 6

OH-

Question 7

what strong acid

Answer 7

acid that is completely dissociated into ions in aqueous solution

Question 8

what is a weak acid

Answer 8

acid that is partially dissociated into ions in aqueous solution

Question 9

name a strong acid

Answer 9

hydrochloric

Question 10

equation of hydrochloric acid

Answer 10

HCl –> H+ + Cl-

Question 11

a base can be

Answer 11

• copper(II) oxide (CuO), which contain oxide (O2–) ions
• metal carbonates, which contain carbonate (CO32–)
• metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which contain hydroxide (OH–) ions

Question 12

name a weak acid

Answer 12

ethanoic acid

Question 13

symbol equation of ethanoic acid

Answer 13

CH3COOH <–> H+ + CHCOO-

Question 14

water of crystilisation

Answer 14

water molecules present in hydrated crystals

Question 15

hydrated substance

Answer 15

substance that is chemically combined with water

Question 16

anhydrous substance

Answer 16

substance containing no water

Question 17

reaction between acid and alkali to produce water

Answer 17

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> H2O(l)

Question 18

most non metal oxides are

Answer 18

acidic

Question 19

example of acidic metal oxide

Answer 19

CO2 and SO2

Question 20

most metal oxides are

Answer 20

basic

Question 21

What are examples of basic metal oxides?

Answer 21

CuO and CaO

Question 22

What are amphoteric oxides?

Answer 22

oxides that reacts with acids AND with bases to produce a salt and water

Question 23

What are two examples of amphoteric oxides?

Answer 23

Al2O3 and ZnO

Question 24

Are sodium salts soluble or insoluble?

Answer 24

soluble

Question 25

Are potassium salts soluble or insoluble?

Answer 25

soluble

Question 26

Are ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?

Answer 26

soluble

Question 27

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 27

soluble

Question 28

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 28

soluble, except for lead and silver

Question 29

Are sulfates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 29

soluble, except for barium, calcium, and lead

Question 30

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

Answer 30

insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium

Question 31

Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 31

insoluble, except sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium (partially)

Question 32

How can you convert from mol/dmˆ3 to g/dmˆ3?

Answer 32

by multiplying mol/dmˆ3 by the Mr

Question 33

What are methods for preparing, separating and purifying SOLUBLE salts?

Answer 33

reacting an acid with: an alkali in a titration excess metal excess insoluble base excess insoluble carbonate

Question 34

What is a method for preparing INSOLUBLE salts?

Answer 34

precipitation

Question 35

What are the main three possible types of salts?

Answer 35

chlorides sulfates nitrates

Question 36

What are the three main acids?

Answer 36

nitric acid sulfuric acid hydrochloric acid

Question 37

What are the possible types of bases?

Answer 37

metal oxides metal hydroxides metal carbonates ammonia

Question 38

Describe how to produce salts using an acid and a metal/metal oxide/metal carbonate.

Answer 38

1. warm acid to speed up reaction 2. add excess of the metal to acid 3. filter solution: removes excess solid 4. transfer to evaporating dish 5. use bunsen burner to evaporate water (around 2/3) until crystals start to form 6. leave to cool 7. filter to get crystals 8. dry crystals on filter paper

Question 39

Why do you add excess metal/metal oxide/metal carbonate when preparing a salt using an acid?

Answer 39

to ensure all acid has been neutralised

Question 40

Describe how to carry out a precipitation.

Answer 40

1. mix equal quantities of two soluble salts 2. filter to remove insoluble salt (precipitate) 3. wash precipitate with water 4. leave to dry

Question 41

Why should you rinse the burette with titrant after rinsing with water?

Answer 41

to avoid diluting the titrant