Definitions Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Anachronism
A
Something that is placed in a time period where it doesn’t belong. things don’t mean the same things through time. ex: science.
2
Q
Anthropomorphism
A
Human forming, God sitting on a cloud, God in the form of a human.
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities, such as animals, inanimate objects, or natural phenomena.
3
Q
Apophatic/Negative Theology
A
Attempt to get to whatever the divine would be without giving it definite characteristicsé
emphasizes what cannot be said about the divine nature rather than what can be said.
4
Q
Caritas/Cupiditas
A
Caritas: Charity, generous kid of love, aimed at God, love towards God
Cupiditas: Selfish love
5
Q
Chain of being
A
Reality is organised in a hierarchal way
6
Q
Christian universalism
A
Universal salvation. Even doing bad things in the long run, everything goes back to God , the soul gets purified slowly.
ultimately, all people will be saved and reconciled to God through Jesus Christ. This perspective emphasizes God’s love and mercy, suggesting that God’s grace extends to everyone, regardless of their faith or actions during their lifetime.
7
Q
City of god
A
City that has caritas, that love god more than they love themselves.
8
Q
Cognitive theme
A
Another line of assumption, priorising a view of the world over an other which would be a countertheme
time linear
9
Q
countertheme
A
time going in a circle
10
Q
compatibilism
A
Freewill is compatible with the fact that everything is predetermined
11
Q
contemptus mundi
A
Contempt of the world, neo-platonisim, take an attitude of rejection on the physical world
12
Q
credo quia absurdum
A
I believe because it is absurd, thinking of Tertullian.
Stop trusting yourself, trust God
13
Q
Theodicy
A
justice of God
14
Q
demiurge
A
Plato sees God as a craftsman rather, not quite the same stature of the christian god who creates everything
15
Q
determinism
A
Idea that comes out of free will. It means that whatever happens happens as it does. It’s determined. Freedom doesn’t really fit with that.
all events, including human actions and decisions, are determined by preceding causes and natural laws.
16
Q
divine foreknowledge
A
God knows in advance what’s going to happen in the future, but its not the future from his point of view
17
Q
divine simplicity
A
Idea that God must be a single simple thing. He must be ONE. Can’t have certain features distinct from others. All his characteristics are only one aspect, 1 thing. God = no parts / no differentiation
18
Q
donatism
A
Orthodox view: bread is christ doesnt depend on the goodness of the priest or bread. The sacraments are still pure
19
Q
ego sum qui sum
A
I am, that I am, response God gives to Moses. God’s existence, goes back to divine simplicity. 10 commandements sent by “I am that I am”.
20
Q
epistemology
A
Study of knowledge
- What is knowledge?
- How is knowledge acquired?
- What do we know, and how do we know it?
- What are the limits of human understanding?
21
Q
equivocation
A
Equivocation is a logical fallacy that occurs when a word or phrase is used with different meanings in different contexts within an argument, leading to confusion or misinterpretation. This can happen intentionally or unintentionally, and it often undermines the clarity and validity of the argument.
22
Q
essence
A
What the thing is / its nature
23
Q
eternal/everlasting
A
Eternal: Temporal order has no clear limits, has no beginning and no end, Timeless
Everlasting: May have started at some point but will be in the future forever
24
Q
ethnocentrism
A
Putting your culture at the center of your understanding
25
etic v. emic analysis
Etic analysis is an approach in the study of cultures that focuses on understanding social phenomena from an outsider's perspective, often using concepts and categories that are derived from the researcher's own cultural framework. This contrasts with emic analysis, which seeks to understand cultural phenomena from the insider's perspective, emphasizing the meanings and experiences of the individuals within that culture.
26
evil as privation
Evil is not a thing, but the deprivation of something you should have. ex: absence of rectitude of will = sin
27
ex nihilo nihil
Nothing comes from nothing, contrasts with God who makes the world from nothing
28
fall of man
less of rectitude, descent into sin, adam and eve
29
fideism
Faith comes before reason, and ther is a hostility towards reason
30
first cause
God as the origin of the universe, god is the beginning of the series
31
future contigents
A fact that could be or fail to be, we don't know yet. ex: The sun will rise tomorrow.
32
gnosticism
Heresy that says that only through attaining secret knowledge can people find their salvation and overcome the material world
33
heresy
Any view in a religious concept that's rejected
34
holism
Holism is a philosophical and methodological approach that emphasizes the importance of viewing systems as whole entities rather than merely as the sum of their parts. It suggests that the characteristics and behaviors of a system cannot be fully understood by analyzing its individual components in isolation
35
humanism
humans having a certain goodness. optimism of christianity.
emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, focusing on human interests, values, and dignity.
36
hyperousias
Superessence, a being transcendant to being, beyond everything
37
imago dei
Image of God. Humans made in the image of god
38
justification by faith
It refers to the belief that individuals are made righteous before God not through their own works or merits, but through faith in Jesus Christ.
39
manichaeism
A variety of different religions + melding together of religions
It is characterized by its dualistic worldview, which poses a cosmic struggle between the forces of light and darkness.
40
materialism
No spiritual minds at all, only matter and physical stuff (kind of the popular wv now)
41
metanoia
Getting above the mind, transformation of perspective, repent, look at things differently
42
metaphysics
What is beyond physics, whats time
explores the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the relationships between various entities. It seeks to answer profound questions about what is ultimately real
43
millenarianism
A 1000 years, fundamental transition of the world coming soon, apocalyptic thinking
44
necessity/contigency
necessity: things that must be
contingency: things that could be (the state of being dependent on certain conditions or circumstances, often implying that something could happen or could have happened differently)
45
neo-platanism
Neoplatonism is a philosophical system that emerged in the 3rd century CE, building on the ideas of Plato and later philosophers. It emphasizes the existence of a single, ultimate source of reality, often referred to as the One or the Good.
46
normative/descriptive
normative: Involves standards and values, guidelines, (you should go to bed earlier)
descriptive: Relates the world as we take it to be ( sun revolves around the earth)
47
omnipotent
All powerful
48
omniscience
All knowing
49
ontological argument
Anselm 2nd ch: Attempt to prove God's existence from the fact that its impossible to think of something greater. Starts from the mere idea
50
original sin
Original sin is a theological concept in Christianity that refers to the fallen state of human nature inherited from the first humans, Adam and Eve, following their disobedience to God in the Garden of Eden.
51
orthodoxy
Correct opinion, official view of the church
52
pantheism
belief that God and the universe are identical, or that God is immanent in all aspects of the natural world. In this view, everything collectively is a manifestation of the divine, and there is no distinction between the creator and the creation.
53
paradox
opinion you need to accept but contradicts something else you want to say. No obvious way out.
54
participation
the participation of material things in the form of nature
55
pelagianism
Its a heresy. Belief that there is no original sin because Jesus says to be perfect so people should be able to be perfect.
56
perfectibility
Idea that there is no limit to how good you can be
57
perfection
God's attributes, sometime problematic
58
predestination
Everything that happens, happens and God knew it when he made the universe. God made all of it happen
59
predication
It's a logical relationship. act of attributing certain characteristics to substance. ex: humans are mortals
60
prevenient grace
Grace that God gives you in order to convert you
It refers to the grace of God that precedes human action and enables individuals to respond to God's call for salvation
61
revelation
Any direct communication that you get from god
62
saving remnant
a group of people who remain faithful to God or true to a particular belief system, especially in the context of biblical and theological discussions. This concept is often associated with the idea that, despite widespread unfaithfulness or apostasy, God preserves a smaller group that will ultimately be saved or redeemed
63
sea battle
The basic premise is as follows: Imagine a situation where a ship is sailing in the sea, and there is a battle occurring. A philosopher might ask whether it is possible to know in advance whether there will be a battle at sea tomorrow. If it can be determined that there will or won't be a battle, this raises questions about free will—specifically, whether people have the ability to make choices that affect future events, or if those events are predetermined
64
slave to sin
Because of what happened in the garden of Eden, we lost rectitude of will and are now slaves to sin
65
spontaneity
Something that flows directly out of your nature.
the idea of actions or events occurring without external cause or premeditation, often highlighting the role of free will, creativity, and natural impulses in human behavior
66
substance
the fundamental essence or nature of something that underlies its properties and characteristics. Substance as distinguished from his accidents.
67
synchronic/diachronic
synchronic: Synchronic analysis examines a phenomenon at a specific point in time, without considering historical context or changes over time.
diachronic: Diachronic analysis, in contrast, studies the evolution and changes of a phenomenon over time.
68
syncretism
Syncretism is the process of combining different beliefs, practices, or cultures into a new, cohesive system. ex: manichaeism, christianity sort of). sometimes generates tension.
69
temporal/ontological
temporal: Temporal relates to time. It encompasses concepts, events, and entities that exist within the framework of time and are subject to temporal change or progression.
ontological: Ontological pertains to the nature of being, existence, and reality. It explores what kinds of entities exist and the nature of those entities. God is not necessarily before us, but the ground
70
priority
the order of importance, existence, or causation among entities, ideas, or principles.
71
the word/logos
God
Logos: word spoken by God through christ
72
theology
Theology is the study of the nature of God, religious beliefs, and the practice of faith. It seeks to understand, interpret, and explain the divine and its relationship with humanity, the world, and existence as a whole. Starting point is faith.
73
timaeus
Plato's dialogue about the creation of the world. Very influential story about creation of the universe
74
typology
Study of the relationships between different things in the bible (old and new testament) Read the old through the new
75
unmoved mover
Aristotle, way to talk about God. First Cause. World is continuous movement, God is what makes everything move. He does not move
76
via negativa/ via affirmativa
ways to access god's nature
negativa: deny things he is not ex: god doesn't have ... (finding what he is by saying what he is not)
affirmativa: characteristics he has. ex: god is a spirit
77
weltanschauung
world view. original concept, direct translation. how people see the world
78
wheel of fortune
seen in boethius. over course of your life you are ascending and descending depending on what exterior factors affect you.
79
will
human faculty of choice. power to choose, choices we make.
80
Act and potency
81
active vs passive intellect
sense experience capable of receiving vs it being in the mind. (passive) when you think about it: active
82
anchorite/anchoress
certain kind of hermit' removed yourself from society for religious reasons. live isolated anchored to the church, way to live out religious devotion. sometimes funeral bc in a way you die.
83
anthropocentrism
human centred, world organized around humans.
84
antinomianism
anti-law: once we know that we are saved/justified by faith, the law doesn't apply to you. doesn't matter what you do since you're going to be saved anyway (heretical)
85
arianism
correct interpretation of the trinity is that there is only one god with three creations.
86
asceticism
associated with self-denial, monks starving themselves for certain periods of time. Practice meant to purify you and separate you from bodily desires.
87
atonement
reconciliation between you and god. reconciliation of humanity with the divine
88
blasphemy
any speech or action that shows contempt for the divine, ex. swearing
89
christendom
territory ruled by Christianity, the christian world, places where christianity is the dominant religion
90
christology
name for the study of christ, study of his nature.
91
consubstantial
with the same substance, three persons of the trinity are consubstantial. bc god has human nature, he is consubstantial with humans.
92
cosmopolitanism
seeing the world as one
93
ens necessarium
the necessary being. all the things are consistent in the sense that they could fail to be true. Humans take him to be God
94
essence vs existence
what my nature is vs my existence. ex: essence of a unicorn separate from if there are any unicorns. for the necessary being, these are the same but not for contingent beings
95
demonstration
96
Filioque
from the son. source of controversy christianity. Holy Spirit comes out of the god, the father and the son. if you don't say he also comes from the son, you're not giving enough respect to the son
97
final cause
the end that explains a thing. ex: final cause of a table would be enabling us to write on it. its function. the end that explains the thing.
98
godhead
the divine essence.
99
hacceity
thisness. the determining factor that makes an individual the distinct individual that he is.
100
Hair Shirt
ascetic instrument. used in self-denial, self-mortification. you wear it. reminds you to separate yourself from pleasure and that the body is not where its at.
101
hylomorphism
to be a composite of form and matter. the idea that all the things we encounter are a mixture of potential and form it takes
102
imitation dei
imitation of god. you are supposed in your life to try to imitate God
103
intellectual substance
does not have a body. hylomorphism doesn't apply
104
intercession
prayers that ask to intervene on your behalf. ex; pray for my dad getting a surgery tomorrow
105
limbo
outer-edge of hell. people like socrates are going to end up like. because they've never heard of christ
106
messiah
anointed one. christ.
107
mysticism
the realization of the attempt to unify with the divine in this life
108
natural law
rules governing human relationships. ethical orientation that tells us how we ought to behave. moral order of things written into human nature
109
nicene creed
canonical expression of the christian faith.
110
nominalism v. realism
disagreement in the philosophy of language : definition of concepts ex: humanity. they disagree on what humanity is. Nom: concept is just a name, humanity is just the humans in the room.
Rea: humanity is the shared characteristic of humaness
111
numerical identity
a thing can only be numerical identical to itself. distinguished from others
112
passion
113
pollution
the contamination of the soul, ex: sin. and things that happen to us being some sort of pollution.
114
prime matter
As something you never encounter but is implied. there must be something underlying the rest.
115
principles of continuity, gradation, plenitude
great chain of being, universe is full and there is continuity from one form to the next and its hierarchal.
116
purgatory
transition in the afterlife. where you have your sins purged from you before going to heaven. but people are hopeful so they are okay with being punished
117
quiddity
the whateness of a thing, its essence. ours, is humanity.
118
sabellianism
denied that there are three persons of god. heresy for christians
119
spiritual body
you get the resurrection of the body, the spiritual body. you are still a body, higher form, in the after life.
120
substantial form
scholastic idea form Aristotle, regards the essence of a thing. the form in hylomorphism. substantial form is the specie form
121
suffering servant
Isaiah, person who is forced to suffer for the sins of all. Jesus is the suffering servant predicted in the old testament
122
summum bonum
the highest good. the highest kind of life. life of contemplation, life devoted to God. God is equivalent to it
123
teleology
explain things by reference to the end, or purpose they serve. ex: motion of the stars, they move bc trying to attempt perfection
124
theological virtues
faith, hope and charity. christian addition to the classical virtues of justice wisdom, courage, temperance
125
transcendentals
being, one/unity, truth, goodness. regardless of what category it is it will have these characteristics. things that apply to everything
126
principle of sufficient reason
you continue to pursue some sort of explanation . Nothing is without reason
127
universals
general realities.
128
voluntarism
whatever is depends on god's will rather than on his intellect. killing is bad because he willed it to be bad.
