Definitions Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
Pater familias
A
Man - Head of the household
2
Q
Which story shows Pomerium?
A
Romulus and Remus
3
Q
Pomerium
A
Sacred nature of safety of the city
4
Q
How does Romulus and Remus show Pomerium?
A
Remus taunts Pomerium by jumping over the city wall Romulus is building. Romulus needed to be understood as pater familias so had to kill Remus for defiling the sacred nature of the city
5
Q
Imperium
A
Legal authority over Roman citizens
6
Q
Euergetism
A
The wealthy/ elite would gift the town monuments etc in return for public honour
7
Q
Forum Boarium
A
The first market for Rome, the cattle market
8
Q
What did Pliny the Elder write?
A
The natural history of Rome
9
Q
Who was Pliny the Elder?
A
A senator and statesman
10
Q
How does Pliny the Elder describe Rome?
A
As a series of monuments
11
Q
Domus
A
Elite houses built on hillsides on top of Rome
12
Q
Insulas
A
Apartment like complexes for less wealthy to live in - not independent structures
13
Q
What did the less wealthy live in?
A
Insulas
14
Q
What did the more wealthy live in?
A
Domus
15
Q
What did the less wealthy have to build in their houses?
A
Hearths
16
Q
Who is Vitruvius?
A
A roman architect who wrote about design
17
Q
Tablinum
A
A room next to the atrium and opposite the entrance to a house - essential to presentation of elite hosuehold
18
Q
What room was essential to the presentation of an elite household?
A
Tablinum
19
Q
Gens
A
Roman word for a kinship group
20
Q
Patricians
A
Traced their history all the way back to Romulus
21
Q
Plebians
A
Roman but not historical
22
Q
What is the new man concept?
A
The idea that slowly the wealthiest of the plebians become members of the aristocracy
23
Q
Imagines
A
wax death masks of the deceased
24
Q
Who typically wore imagines?
A
Slaves
25
Columbarium
A mock household that represents the burial site for the family
26
What do families do at the columbarium?
Offer sacrifices
27
Necropolis
Ancient burial ground "city of the dead"
28
Where does columbarium take place?
At the necropolis
29
Pietas
Respect for your family (Including dead family members)
30
Marcus Tullius Cicero - what is each part of the name?
Tullius - family name of the gens
Marcus - praenomen
Cicero - cognomen
31
Praenomen
A person's first or personal name
32
Cognomen
A nickname/ third personal name passed down from father to son
33
Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio Africanus - name parts
Cnaeus - praenomen
Cornelius - gens name
Africanus - he was a commander during a campaign in North Africa
Scipio - his father had created a name for himself
34
Pietas
Religious respect of one's family
35
Which story shows Pietas?
Aeneas fleeing Troy with his dad over one shoulder and household Gods under one arm, his son clings to his robe. His wife is separated and killed - leads to him remarrying
36
Who is given the title Pater Patriae?
Augustus
37
Pater Patriae
Father of the country
38
Alumnus
Adopting children from other families
39
Patria Potestas
Wives follow the rules of their fathers, not their husbands
40
Marriage in Manus
Rare marriage where husband is given authority over the wife rather than the father
41
Dowry
Transfer of property/ status from wife's family to husband at time of marriage
42
Usufruct
Allowed someone to benefit from someone else's property/ wealth for a period of time
43
Husband's usufruct ownership of land
Husband is allowed to benefit from wife's property/ slaves/ land, but she retains ownership of it all incase he dies or divorces.
44
Patron
Wealthy elite member of society who mentors less wealthy
45
Client
Follows and learns from the more wealthy in society
46
Matrona
When men are absent from the household, women take over their clients and fill in as a patron
47
What is the chief value that women represented in society?
Pudicitia
48
Pudicitia
Sexual chastity of a woman
49
Virtus
The concept of manliness - bravery on battlefield and internal excellence
50
Tarpeia
The woman who opens the gates to the Sabine soldiers during Livvy's early Roman history
51
Ius Osculum
"Polite kiss on the cheek"
52
Alia Potestas
Authority of the matrona - women are involved in management of the family household, property and clients - celebrated in society
53
Lex oppia
A wealth tax that restricted women on what they could wear
54
What were women restricted to wear/ do through Lex Oppia?
More than half an ounce of gold, purple and blue robes, also couldn't ride horses through the city
55
Bona Dea
The good goddess - a set of religious rituals enacted by elite women - no men allowed
56
Where was the Bona Dea held?
The Pontifex Maximus
57
Pontifex maximus
The priests house
58
Meretrix
Prostitute
59
Infamais
Degraded status because of their occupation
60
Examples of Infamais
Prostitutes
Slaves
Anyone with no legal personality in Roman law
61
Coriolanus
Roman general from 5th century BC
62
Volumnia
Wife of Coriolanus - actress and dancer
63
Galen
Professional physician
64
Amanuensis
A specialised slave, like a personal secretary
65
What does Amenuensis highlight?
The difference between the free and slaves
66
Res Mortalis
Slaves are property with a life span/ talking tools
67
Familia
Slaves are described as familia - a group of people who descend from the same place
68
Pedanius Secundus
Murdered by one of his slaves during the reign of Nero
69
Peculium
An allowance that domestic slaves get from their masters that they would typically save up to buy their freedom
70
Latifundia
Plantation style estates run by slaves that most slaves outside of the city were a part of
71
Delos
Island in the Greek east where there was a lively slave market - slaves from eastern Europe gather here to be shipped off to larger cities.
72
Mos maiorum
The habits you have are a reflection on your ancestry
73
What proportion of slaves are male?
2/3
74
Paedogogus
A typically male slave that was educated enough to take on the role of tutor for children (free and slaves) in the household.
75
Amanuensis
Highly trained literate and educated slave that was like a personal assistant
76
Temperantia
Your ability to self control
77
Quote which shows Temperantia
"A philosopher should own slaves because it is a test of your restraint"
78
Saturnalia
A holiday where traditionally slave owners would serve their slaves - only occured when slave owners treated their slaves well
79
Parentalis
The festival where you celebrated your ancestors
80
Mucius Scaevola
He asked the senate to be granted leave to escape the city whilst it was besieged. he kills the high priest instead.
81
Porcina
A Truscean army
82
Cassuidorus
He wrote a text on the soul called the de anima - you can read a person with a pure, untainted soul
83
Cinaedus (The person)
A man who chose to take a passive role in sex with another man
84
Pneuma
The matter of the soul is evenly distributed because men have larger pores
85
Asceticism
A denial of bodily pleasure and bodily desires - people who practiced this are now referred to as monks and hermits
86
Hagiohraphy
The biographies of holy people
87
Cinaedus (The term)
The feminine role in sex (heavily stigmatised)
88
Raptio
Rape - Does not legally mean the violation of the body - applies to women who were removed from the control of their designated male protector
89
Hostius Quadra
So willing as a cinaedus partner that he set up mirrors to watch himself
90
Vir
A man in the political class
91
Futuere
To fuck
92
Titular
Romans had a set of 15 Gods that they regarded as titular deities
93
Titular deities
Gods believed to be intimately connected to the protection of the city of Rome
94
The Fasti
A calendar of festivals - holidays when the urban population would show its respect to the Gods to whom they owed the protection of the city
95
Do ut des
A prayer - I give something to God in order that you might give in return
96
Magna mater
The great mother - A goddess who protects governments and cities
97
Quindecim Uiri Sacris Faciundis
The 15 guys who do holy things - a priesthood who was assigned to consult greek books
98
Cult
Believed that every human being had a guardian spirit called genius assigned to them at birth
99
Genius
A guardian spirit assigned to you at birth
100
Flamines
The most influential people in local communities
101
Lararium
Places where images of that family's Gods were kept
102
Lares
Ghosts of ancestors
103
Penates
Household Gods worshiped by a family
104
Mithras
A Persian cult which gradually over time became appropriated by Roman soldiers/ freedmen
105
Controversia
Some kind of legal conundrum - ask the writer to argue against something that is already an established custom
106
Oea
A small north African city outside of Alexandria
107
Paideia
Being educated
108
Quintilian
He wrote a whole treatise on how to teach - devices to aid memorisation
109
Mos Maiorum
The body of ethics/ ethical wisdom you should acquire from your family
110
Grammarian
Teaches you to unlearn the Latin or Greek that the slaves in your household are using - acquire a more classified diction
111
Carvilius
Offered instruction for a fee - taught basic literacy and math
112
Exegesis
The unpacking of a text for its moral meaning
113
Rhetor
Someone you study with after you serve your military service
114
Declamation
Performative type of education used by Rhetors
115
Carneades
The head of the academy in Athens - went to Rome and gave a series of delerations
116
Gretia Capta Ferum Victorem Cepit
Rome conquered the Greek country but Greece conquered the Romans
117
Varro
Regarded as the most learned Roman - wrote over 650 books on 70 different topics
118
Second Sophistic
Respectability of Greek literature in this time
119
The change in Virtus
At the time of Cicero, it takes on the idea of interior excellence as a by product of paideia
120
Ars Amatoria
Ars = art/ technique/ skill
Ovid is playing with the idea of the art of love
121
Pudor
Shame
- The spreading of second hand shame
122
Seruitium Amoris
Being enslaved by love
123
Aneas
The trojan prince who leads the surviving trojans to Italy and found Rome. Falls in love with Dido, but has to fulfil his duty
124
Dido
Falls in love with Aneas but he has to leave to fulfil his duty in Rome, she commits suicide and curses Aneas
125
Paetus
Accused of treason against the emperor.
Emperor invites him to commit suicide so that he can pass his property down to his children.
126
Arria
Paetus (her husband) cannot bring himself to commit suicide so she stabs herself and tells him it doesn't hurt and encourages him to do it so his property can be passed down to his kids.
127
Luxuria
Decadence
128
Cena
Dinner
129
Cena Otium
Dinner parties where you practice Otium
130
Otium
Engage in literary studies and philosophy - poetry etc
131
Negotium
Public life - the service you offer your clients
132
Opes
Wealth as something productive and reasonable rather than feeding your sensual appetite
133
Censor
Pinnacle of public career - assess the morality of your peers
134
Torquere
To twist or torture - people who become unbalanced by luxuria will go to all ends to twist the natural order of things
135
Cave Canum
Large mosaic of a dog at entrance to house which frightens guests
136
Fasces
Double-headed axe bound with sticks
137
Rostrum
Public symbol associated with public office
The wealthy had them all over their furniture
138
Cursus Publicus
For governmental use to be able to send dispatches and news through couriers
139
Otium
Leisure time
140
Negotium
Business activities
141
Augustus
Held power long enough successfully that by the time he dies people had forgotten what republican government was like and what it was like to share political power
142
Imperium
Legal constitution power you have over other citizens
143
Imperator
Honorific title - where our word for emperor comes from
144
Augur
Studies Augury - interpretation of the will of the Gods
145
Princeps
Leading citizen - where our word for prints comes from
146
Primus Inter Pares
The act of refusing real authority becomes a pattern in dictators
147
Suffect Consuls
The people that the emperor would share office with
148
Donative
When a new emperor comes to power they give the military a cash bonus
149
Lex de Imperio
Transition of power to the Emperor - imperium - power over everything
150
Clipeus Virtutis
Senate awards Augustus with this Gold shield - honorary gift celebrating the virtues he held - virtus, clementia, iustitia, pietas.
151
Spectacula
A small host of different kinds of public celebrations - events that bring the whole urban population together
152
Ciuilitas
Civilisation
153
Luci Sceanici
Theatre performances - "games of the stage"
154
Munera
A gift/ offering at gladitorial events
155
Ludi Circenses
The hippodrome - games in the circuses
156
Venationes
Wild animal hunts
157
Nika Revolt 532
Politically charged spectacle
158
Velabra
Sails that extend out over the colosseum to protect the spectators from sunlight
159
Ad Bestiam
Was executed by being torn apart by animals
160
Mimes
Often served in highly sexualised roles
161
Damnatio Memoriae
Being publicly disallowed
Happened with Nero - any laws/ pictures/ monuments associated with them were removed
162
Trajan
The person under whom the the political careers of Pliny and Tacticus came into full maturity.
163
Imperator Scaenicus
Insult meaning emperor on the stage - acting performances
164
Tramalcio
Had elaborate dinner parties with the dogs head mosaic but does it all wrong
165
Culleus
When a child has killed a parent they must be harshly punished - they are tied into a sack with a snake, monkey, dog and chicken and thrown into the Tiber river to drown
166
Tarpeian Rock
Cliff on the capital line that people convicted if treason would be tossed off of
167
Mamertine Prison
Whilst awaiting trial you are assigned to confinement in your patrons house, but if you could not find someone to vouch for you, you would be tossed in a well to wait
168
Convicium
A shouting out together
Lucretia kills herself and people bring her body out so everyone can see what was done to her
169
Occentatio
The next stop of Convicium - if you are shamed you go to your patron who sends thugs/ slaves to beat up the person shaming you
170
Collegia
Unofficial associations for people without patrons - but they cannot represent you legally
171
Vigiles
Watchmen, unarmed that could apprehend people
172
Castrum
A mobile camp - army marched with 4 foot stakes so that when they stopped they can build a fortress
173
De Amicitia and De Senectute
On friendship and old age
174
Amicitia
Something that applies to your social peer
175
Natura
A philosophical concept of not just the natural world but also the entire cosmos as it was shaped by a divine wall
176
Laelia and Cato the Elder
Serve as presentations of De Amicitia and De Senecute
177
Lucan
A poet who wrote about Civil war
178
Res Publica Restituta
The notion that he restored the republic to its original pristine foundations
179
Tiberius Gracchus
133 BC
Was beaten to death with chairs on the capital line
180
Optimates
Members of the aristocracy who championed the traditional privileges of the senate
181
Populares
The same members of the governing class who at least postured to support the needs and the will of the common people.
182
The legion
About 5,000 men
183
The cohort
A subdivision of the Legion of about 500 men
184
The maniple
A division of 100 men from the Legion
185
Natio
Place of birth
186
Barbarus
Reference to people who are something other than Romans - less than Roman, less than civilised.
187
Antonine Constitution
Granted citizenship to everyone in the empire including slaves
188
Hypocraties
Greeks developed a typology for ethnic groups based on body type which the Romans picked up on
189
Ammianus Mascellinus
Tells us most of what we know about 4th century BC
Described Gallics and Roman military
190
Constantine
An imperial reign - acknowledged Christianity, converted to it, then died
191
Imitatio Christi
Imitation of christ in order to gain holiness
192
Jerome
Biblical scholar from Gaul who spent time in Rome under the Bishop Damisus
193
