Definitions

Question 1

Define movement

Answer 1

Not staying in the same position

Question 2

Define respiration

Answer 2

release of energy from food

Question 3

Define sensitivity

Answer 3

Ability to recognise and respond to changes in the environment

Question 4

Define control

Answer 4

ability to change certain variables such as temperature or water content in order to maintain constant levels

Question 4

define reproduction

Answer 4

producing offspring

Question 5

Define growth

Answer 5

Increasing in size and mass

Question 6

Define excretion

Answer 6

removal of toxic metabolic waste products from cells

Question 7

Define nutrition

Question 8

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Holds DNA that controls growth function and reproduction. Responsible for the production of proteins

Question 9

What is the purpose of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Maintains an optimal environment for the other parts of the cell

Question 9

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

Regulates materials that go in and out of the cell

Question 10

What is the purpose of the mitochondria?

Answer 10

Generates heat and energy
Mediates cell growth and death

Question 11

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 11

protects against damage and pathogens

Question 12

What is the purpose of the chloroplasts?

Answer 12

the site of photosynthesis

Question 13

What is the purpose of the vacuole?

Answer 13

stores water and waste as well as isolating harmful materials

Question 14

What is the purpose of the ribosomes?

Answer 14

needed for protein synthesis

Question 15

define tissue

Answer 15

a group of cells that possess a similar structure and perform a specific function

Question 15

define organ

Answer 15

collection of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 16

define organ system

Answer 16

group of organs that work together to perform a certain function

Question 17

define monomer

Answer 17

the individual units or building blocks which join together to make a molecule

Question 18

define polymer

Answer 18

the name given when lots of monomers are joined together

Question 19

define diffusion

Answer 19

the net movement of particles or molecules passively down a concentration gradient until dynamic equilibrium is reached

Question 20

define osmosis

Answer 20

the net movement of water molecules passively from high water potential to low water potential across a partially permeable membrane until dynamic equilibrium is reached

Question 21

define active transport

Answer 21

the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient from an area of low to high concentration. It uses energy from respiration and carrier proteins

Question 22

define digestion

Answer 22

The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food . it converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood

Question 23

Define chemical digestion

Answer 23

The breaking down of large molecules into small soluble molecules by using enzymes to break its bonds.

Question 23

define mechanical digestion

Answer 23

The physical breakdown of food (e.g using teeth or churning food in the stomach). Mechanical digestion creates a large surface area for enzymes to work on

Question 24

define catalyst

Answer 24

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

Question 24

define partially permeable membrane

Answer 24

membranes which only let some dissolved molecules through. E.g cell membranes.

Question 25

What is the colour change for the sugars test

Answer 25

Blue --> red

Question 26

What is the colour change for the starch test

Answer 26

Orange-brown --> blue-black

Question 27

define nutrition

Answer 27

the process of taking in food and converting it into energy

Question 28

What 4 factors affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 28

Temperature Surface area to volume ratio Concentration gradient Distance of diffusion pathway

Question 29

What is meant by a flaccid plant cell?

Answer 29

When water potential is lower outside the cell, water moves out by Osmosis

Question 30

What is meant by an isotonic cell in plants and animals?

Answer 30

When water potential is equal inside and outside of the cell and therefore there is no net movement

Question 31

What is a crenated (shrunken) animal cell?

Answer 31

When water potential is lower outside the cell, water moves out by osmosis

Question 32

What is lysis?

Answer 32

When water potential is higher outside the cell, water moves in by osmosis. This causes the cell to burst

Question 33

Define organelle

Answer 33

structure of cells carrying out a specific job

Question 34

Define cell

Answer 34

basic structural/functional unit of an organism

Question 35

What is the role of the waxy cuticle?

Answer 35

Reduces water loss and protects the leaf

Question 36

What is the role of the upper epidermis?

Answer 36

Lets light through, protects the leaf from infection and prevents water loss

Question 37

What is the role of the palisade mesophyll layer?

Answer 37

They are packed with chloroplasts and have a large surface area which maximises photosynthesis

Question 38

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll?

Answer 38

has a lot of air spaces in it to allow water vapour, carbon dioxide and oxygen to easily diffuse through

Question 39

What is the role of the guard cells?

Answer 39

controls the opening and closing of the stomata to allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to easily diffuse in and out

Question 40

What is the role of the phloem sieve tube cells?

Answer 40

Transports the sucrose created in the leaf to growing/storing areas of the plant

Question 41

What is the role of the xylem vessels?

Answer 41

Transport water and dissolved mineral ions (e.g. nitrates) through the plant

Question 42

What factors affect rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 42

- Light intensity - Temperature - concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 43

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 43

Any factor that slows down rate of reaction if there is not enough