Definitions

Question 1

a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass.

Answer 1

nuclear fission

Question 2

a reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction.

Answer 2

chain reaction

Question 3

The minimum amount of nuclide that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction

Answer 3

critical mass

Question 4

use controlled-fission chain reactions to produce energy and radioactive nuclides.

Answer 4

Nuclear reactors

Question 5

use energy as heat from nuclear reactors to produce electrical energy.

Answer 5

Nuclear power plants

Question 6

is radiation-absorbing material that is used to decrease exposure to radiation, especially gamma rays, from nuclear reactors.

Answer 6

Shielding

Question 7

are neutron-absorbing rods that help control the reaction by limiting the number of free neutrons

Answer 7

Control rods

Question 8

is used to slow down the fast neutrons produced by fission.

Answer 8

moderator

Question 9

low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.

Answer 9

nuclear fusion

Question 10

can be defined as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides.

Answer 10

Organic compounds

Question 11

the covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings.

Answer 11

catenation

Question 12

are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds.

Answer 12

Hydrocarbons

Question 13

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Answer 13

isomers

Question 14

are isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders.

Answer 14

Structural isomers, also called “constitutional isomers,”

Question 15

are isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different.

Answer 15

Geometric isomers

Question 16

are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Answer 16

Hydrocarbons

Question 17

are hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have 4 singular covalent bonds.

Answer 17

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 17

are hydrocarbons in which each carbon in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms.

Answer 17

Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 18

are groups of atoms that are formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule and replaced with carbon

Answer 18

Alkyl groups

Question 19

have the same molecular formula but different structure (same formula, different structure, different name)

Answer 19

Isomers

Question 20

have six-membered carbon rings (benzene) and delocalized electrons.

Answer 20

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 21

the primary aromatic hydrocarbon. The molecular formula of benzene is C6H6

Answer 21

Benzene

Question 22

is a fossil fuel composed primarily of alkanes containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms (lowest boiling point)

Answer 22

Natural gas

Question 23

is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons that varies greatly in composition.

Answer 23

Petroleum

Question 24

are alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure

Answer 24

Cycloalkanes

Question 25

an atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound

Answer 25

A functional group

Question 26

organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups

Answer 26

Alcohols

Question 27

are organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms -fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine - are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Answer 27

Alkyl halides

Question 28

are organic compounds in which 2 hydrocarbons are bonded to the same atom of oxygen

Answer 28

Ethers

Question 29

contain the carbonyl group

Answer 29

Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 30

are organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia, NH3

Answer 30

Amines

Question 31

are organic compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group

Answer 31

Carboxylic acids

Question 32

are organic compounds with carboxylic acid groups in which an alkyl group has replaced the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group.

Answer 32

Esters

Question 33

is one in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule

Answer 33

substitution reaction

Question 34

occurs when two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule, increasing the saturation of the molecule

Answer 34

addition reaction

Question 35

occurs when two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

Answer 35

condensation reaction

Question 36

occurs when a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, is formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule.

Answer 36

elimination reaction

Question 37

are large molecules made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions.

Answer 37

polymers