Definitions

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls cell activities and contains genetic information

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

The site of biochemical reactions in the cell

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of
the cell

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

Gives the cell rigidity and supports the cell. Made of
cellulose in plant cells.

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

The site of photosynthesis

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

Filled full of water and solutes (cell sap). Acts to support
the cell

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

Site of protein synthesis

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

The site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Question 9

Plasmid

Answer 9

Used to transfer DNA from one cell to another

Question 10

selectively permeable

Answer 10

Meaning only some substances can in and
out

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

movement of water molecules
from a higher water concentration to a lower
water concentration through a selectively
permeable membrane

Question 12

Passive Transport

Answer 12

Passive transport occurs down a
concentration gradient and does not
require energy e.g. osmosis, diffusion

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

requires energy
for membrane proteins to move
molecules and ions against the
concentration gradient

Question 14

Respiration equation

Answer 14

Water + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)

Question 15

The uses of ATP

Answer 15

Muscle cell contraction

Cell division

Protein synthesis

Transmission of nerve impulses

Active transport

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

carries the genetic information for
making proteins

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

a section of DNA which codes for a protein

Question 18

structure of DNA

Answer 18

Double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

Question 19

Role of mRNA

Answer 19

mRNA is a molecule which carries a
complementary copy of the genetic code
from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a
ribosome

Question 20

5 proteins

Answer 20

Enzymes-
Speed up chemical reactions e.g.
Catalase

Hormones-
Carry chemical messages around the
body e.g. Insulin

Receptor-
Binds to specific chemical signals and responds
accordingly

Antibodies-
Fight off infection/disease in the
body e.g. T cells

Structural-
Built for strength e.g. Collagen

Question 21

Degradation reactions

Answer 21

These are reactions throughout which a
substrate is broken down by an enzyme
into smaller products

Question 22

Synthesis reactions

Answer 22

These are reactions throughout which 1
or more substrates are built up by an
enzyme into a larger product.

Question 23

Genetic Engineering

Answer 23

the transfer of genetic information ( DNA) from one
type of cell to another