Definitions Flashcards
(31 cards)
• L’Anse Aux Meadows:
o First Euro presence in NA
• John Cabot:
o Reach Asia by sailing west o Landed NFLD, or Cape Norse o 1st recorded landing on NA since Norse o Claimed for England o 2nd trip with 300 men
• Henry Hudson
o Searched for a northwest passage o Path to Asia o Sailed into Hudson Strait o James Bay o Beached the discovery o Intended to continue search o Crew mutiny o Hudson, his son and 7 others o Forced into Boat o Cut adrift o Fate unknown
Northwest Passage
Path to Asia through/around North America
• Jacques Cartier
o Led 4 voyages o Look for: Gold in New World, passage to Asia o Contacted Iroquois o Raised a cross o 1st explorer in St Lawrence o Credited with discovering Canada o Small region of Quebec o Named it Canada (during second voyage)
• Port Royal
o Port Royal 1st Euro year round settlement in Canada o Gardens o Experimental seed plots o Theatre show o Social Club
• Champlain
Used Port Royal as base to further explore
Created Quebec City = first lasting settlement
The start of Canada
Quebec City
First Lasting settlement
o Indentured Labour
o Transport paid
o Free animals
o Work 3-5 years
o Then receive own land
o Intendant
o In charge of finance, justice
o Ursulines
o Nuns
o Professional teachers
• Les Filles du Roi
King’s Daughters/ how to get women over
Orphans or poor French Women
Sent by King
After marriage received: Animals, meat and Money
o Canadien
o Born in New France
Acadians
Colonization of NS, PEI, NB, SE Quebec
Peaceful people
England took control
Required to swear oath of alliance to England
• Seigneurial System
Land distribution based on feudalism King owned land to nobility King granted land to nobility Nobility = seigneurs Seigneurs rented land to habitants King granted land to seigneur on conditions: Live on land, provide local court for disputes, Bring in habitants and record who lives there, help pay for roads and bridges, build mill, build church and find a priest, parish
• Habitant
o Could become a seigneur
o Could leave to fur trade
New France Money
Relied on cash from France Ship is late = trouble Made playing card money Printed values on cards Affixed seal to them Ship arrived = redeemed for cash
• Governor General
Appointed by king
In charge of: External affairs, military, First Nations, English colonist, Veto Power
• Intendant
Appointed by King
In charge of Internal affairs: Taxes, roads, public order, legal system, economy
• Superior Sovereign Council
o Advisory
o 5 local reps
• Missionaries
work to convert those not of their faith
More aggressive than traders to change First Nations
Believed they had “one true religion”
First Nations in need of salvation
o Black Robe
The society of Jesus, Jesuits Most significant In New France Focused on Huron nation Hurons: sedentary: feared could lose trading Lived among First Nations Educate and preach
o Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
Created by Lalemant
Fortified Jesuit headquarters
First Euro settlement in Ontario
• Beaver Wars
Iroquois vs French 1st nations = Trade middleman Iroquois dependent on trade goods Pressure for rich beavers areas Dutch traders in NY provide guns Attack New France Raided allies: Huron French have guns only to converts Iroquois had number advantage Found stiff resistance Entered into peace Renewed hostilities Treaty Attacked Lachine
