Definitions

Question 1

Enfalade

Answer 1

A series of rooms with the doorways aligned. EX. Baroque palaces

Question 2

Appartement

Answer 2

A suite of rooms in a French residence.

Question 3

Hôtel

Answer 3

A town house. EX. Hôtel de Soubise

Question 4

Entwurff einer historischen Architectur

Answer 4

A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture (1721)

Question 5

Gesamtkunstwerk

Answer 5

Total work of art, ideal work of art, universal artwork. The term was first used by the German writer and philosopher K. F. E. Trahndorff.

Question 6

Mansart/Mansard Roof

Answer 6

A roof that has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down. This term is coined after the French architect Francois Mansart, who did not invent the roof but instead used it efficiently. EX. Chateau de Blois

Question 7

Salon

Answer 7

A reception or sitting room in a large house. Commonly used to gather people to share conversation. EX. Salon de Princesse in Hôtel de Soubise

Question 8

Rococo

Answer 8

An architectural time period characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century Continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scroll work.

Question 9

Trajan’s Column

Answer 9

A Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan’s victory in the Dacian Wars.

Question 10

Imperial Plan

Answer 10

Double return stairway.

Question 11

Spire/Steeple

Answer 11

A tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components. Steeples are very common onChristian churches and cathedrals and the use of the term generally connotes a religious structure.

Question 12

Anglo-Palladianism

Answer 12

An architectural movement, primarily in England between 1710 and 1760,

set up in reaction to the Baroque style of architecture; marked by the

rediscovery of works of Inigo Jones and the earlier works of Andrea

Palladio. Occasionally called Burlingtonian style or PalladianRevival.

Question 13

Palladio’s Four Books of Architecture

Answer 13

An Italian written work on architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). Celebrated the idea of the purity and simplicity of classical architecture.

Question 14

Feng Shui

Answer 14

“wind and water” form of geomancy or design philosophy based in harmony in nature. For instance, Qi, Polarity and Bagua.

Question 15

Pagoda

Answer 15

Form of a stupa found in Japan and China comprised of multi-stories.

EX. Song Dynasty

Question 16

Ying Zao Fashi

Answer 16

A building manual written in 1103 by Li Jie. The 34 chapters in the book specify in detail the units of measurement, the construction of moats and fortifications, and standards for stonework as well as for greater and lesser woodwork.

Question 17

Torii

Answer 17

Ceremonial entry gate to shrine. It symbolically marks the transition from the profane to the sacred.

Question 18

Tatami

Answer 18

Type of dimeonsional mats used as a flooring material in traditional Japanese-style rooms.

EX. Used to proportionally compose the Katsura Palace.

Question 19

Japanese Gardens

Answer 19

There are two types:

Minimalistic- Zen Sand Gardens

Landscape Gardens- a representation of the world in miniture

Question 20

Domed Mosque (vs. Hypostyle Mosque)

Answer 20

The domes, often placed directly above the main prayer hall, may signify the vaults of heaven and the sky.

With a combination of columns and arches, the hypostyle hall became one of the two main types of mosque construction. EX: The Great Mosque, Córdoba

Question 21

Pendentives

Answer 21

A constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.

Question 22

Cami/Jami

Answer 22

Friday (Jami Masjid= congregational Friday Mosque). It is located in Yevpatoria, Crimea. Built between 1552 and 1564, and designed by the famous Turkish architect Mimar Sinan.

Question 23

Quibla Wall

Answer 23

The direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during salat; wall that faces Mecca (birthplace of Muhammad).

Question 24

Mihrab

Answer 24

Niche in quibla wall.

Question 25

Minbar

Answer 25

A pultpit or seat installed to the right of the mihrab in mosques.

Question 26

Iwan/Eyvan

Answer 26

A vaulted or domed recess open on one side of the courtyard in mosque.

Question 27

Madresa/Madrasa

Answer 27

College for students of religion or religious law.

Question 28

Pietra Dura

Answer 28

Stone inlay; A term for the inlay technique of using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images. It is considered a decorative art.

Question 29

Jali

Answer 29

A perforated stone or latticed screen.

Question 30

Peacock Arches

Answer 30

Arches with scallopes.

Question 31

Diwan-I-Am

Answer 31

Public audience hall. Located in the Red Fort of Delhi, it was where the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658) and his successors received members of the general public and heard their grievances.

Question 32

Diwan-I-Khas

Answer 32

Private audience hall. In the Red Fort of Delhi was the place where the Mughal emperor received courtiers and state guests.

Question 33

Sinan the Great AKA Koca

Answer 33

(c.1491-1588) He was the chief Ottoman architect and civil engineer for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was responsible for the construction of more than 300 major structures and other more modest projects.

Question 34

Daga

Answer 34

Finishing layer of clay on a building.

Question 35

Regional differences between Colonial houses in New England and in Virginia

Answer 35

ASK ELENA

Question 36

Saltbox

Answer 36

A frame house having up to three stories at the front and one fewer at the back with a steeply pitched roof.

Question 37

Quoins

Answer 37

An angle at the outside corner of a building.These special stones or bricks reinforce the corners of brick or stone buildings.

Question 38

Palladian Window

Answer 38

A large window consisting of a central arched section flanked by two narrow rectangular sections.