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Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Lowest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound

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2
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element presented in one molecule of a compound

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3
Q

Molar Ratio

A

Ratio in reactants and in a chemical reaction, react

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4
Q

Limiting Reactant

A

A reactant that is completely used up in a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Total mass of reactant= Total mass of products

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6
Q

Ideal Gas

A

A gas where gas particles are independent

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7
Q

Experimental Yield

A

Amount of product made during the experiment

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8
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of a solute in a solvent

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9
Q

Solute

A

The dissolved component of a solution

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10
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

Equal volume of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles

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11
Q

Avogadro’s Constant

A

The amount of particles in one mole of a substance. 6.02x10^23

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12
Q

Percentage Yield

A

A calculation of the experimental yield as a percentage of the theoretical yield

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13
Q

Reactant in Excess

A

A reactant that may not be completely used up

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14
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

The sum of the relative atomic mass of the the elements as given in the molecular formula of a compound

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15
Q

State Symbols

A

Symbols use in chemical equations to indicate state

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16
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance containing the same amount of particles as there are atoms

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17
Q

Relative formula mass

A

The sum of the relative atomic mass of the elements given in a formula of an non-molecular compound

18
Q

Standard
Temperature &
Pressure

A

A set of conditions applied to gaseous calculations

19
Q

Theoretical Yield

A

The amount of product that is expected to be produced in a chemical reaction, based on 100% reactions of reactant

20
Q

Molar volume

A

The volume occupied by one mole in STP

21
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighed mean of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of the elements

22
Q

Percentage composition

A

Amount of each element Ina compound expressed as a percentage

23
Q

Solvent

A

A substance, usually a liquid, that is able to dissolve another substance, a solute

24
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of solute in a given volume of solution

25
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole of a substance

26
Q

Nuclear Charge

A

The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons.

27
Q

Isotopes

A

an atom of a given element may have a wide range in its number of neutrons. The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom’s mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number.

28
Q

Ionization Energy

A

The ionization energy is qualitatively defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation.

29
Q

Electronegativity

A

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

30
Q

Electron Affinity

A

Electron affinity is defined as the change in energy of a neutral atom (gas) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion. In other words, the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron.

31
Q

Atomic Radius

A

The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms

32
Q

Ionic Radius

A

Ionic radius is the radius of an atom’s ion.

33
Q

Ligands

A

Ligands act as Lewis bases (electron pair donors), and the central atom acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor).

34
Q

Complex Ions

A

A complex ion has a metal ion at its centre with a number of other molecules or ions surrounding it. These can be considered to be attached to the central ion by co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds.

35
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy required to break the bonds of the reactants and hence allow a reaction to take place

36
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

The amount of energy required to break one mole of bonds averaged across a range of compounds containing that bond

37
Q

Combustion reaction

A

an exothermic reaction in which a fuel is oxidized by oxygen

38
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

A reaction that absorbs heat energy from surroundings

39
Q

Enthalpy

A

The energy or heat energy content of a substance

40
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

A reaction that releases heat energy to surroundings

41
Q

Hess’s Law

A

a law which states that the heat evolved or absorbed in a chemical process is the same, whether the process takes place in one or in several ways

Chemistry (5 decks)

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