Definitions

Question 1

Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.

Answer 1

Dysarthria (ARTiculation is in the word)

Question 2

Difficulty swallowing

Answer 2

Dysphagia

Question 3

Loss of motor control/coordination upon movement

Answer 3

Ataxia . Seen in MS, as a medication side effect,

Question 4

Undershooting (hypometria)

Overshooting (hypermetria)

Answer 4

Dysmetria

Question 5

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Answer 5

Dysdiadochokinesia

Question 6

Inability to initiate voluntary movements; lack of movement

Answer 6

Akinesia

Question 7

characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, falling, agitation, aggression

Answer 7

Sundowner syndrome

Question 8

meaningless imitation of another person’s movements

Answer 8

Echopraxia

Question 9

Immobility or rigidity

Answer 9

Catatonia

Question 10

repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech

Answer 10

stereotypy

Question 11

inner tension; excessive motor and cognitive activity usually non productive

Answer 11

psychomotor agitation

Question 12

associated with brain pathology; restless, sometimes aggressive or destructive activity

Answer 12

hyperactivity

Question 13

decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity

Answer 13

psychomotor retardation

Question 14

state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement; side effect of medication

Answer 14

akathisia

Question 15

speech delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive irrelevant details

Answer 15

circumstantiality

Question 16

abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic

Answer 16

tangentiality

Question 17

disorder of the logical progression of thoughts where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another

Answer 17

loosening of associations

Question 18

responses that are given only when spoken to directly

Answer 18

non spontaneous speech

Question 19

inability to name objects

Answer 19

nominal aphasia

Question 20

the inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input. the inability to recognize people and objects is ____

Answer 20

agnosia
visual agnosia
Example: cannot recognize toothbrush and requires touch to identify it

Question 21

the inability to carry out specific motor tasks in the absence of sensory or motor impairment

Answer 21

apraxia

Question 22

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Answer 22

adiadochokinesia

Question 23

subjective sensation of unreality about oneself or the environment

Answer 23

depersonalization

Question 24

subjective sense that the environment is unreal

Answer 24

derealization

Question 25

state of depersonalization, involving travel or relocation taking on another identity/amnesia for own identity

Answer 25

fugue

Question 26

disorder in which individual has developed two or more distinct personalities

Answer 26

dissociative identity disorder

Question 27

characterized by an involuntary escape from reality characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory.

Answer 27

dissociation

Question 28

This type of memory is clinically important since you need to remember future actions in order to live safely and independently (appointments, medications, turning stove off)

Answer 28

Prospective memory

Question 29

inability to recall past experiences or personal identity

Answer 29

amnesia

Question 30

difficulty experiencing pleasure

Answer 30

anhedonia

Question 31

decreased thought and speech

Answer 31

alogia

Question 32

lack of energy

Answer 32

anergia

Question 33

mood swings. Possible manifestations of emotional dysregulation include angry outbursts or behavior outbursts such as destroying or throwing objects, aggression towards self or others, and threats to kill oneself.

Answer 33

lability

Question 34

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

Answer 34

Aphasia

Question 35

involuntary, non repetitive occasionally stereotyped movements affecting muscles in varying combos; indicates basil ganglia damage. present in dystonic and athetoid CP

Answer 35

Dyskinesia

Question 36

results in sustained abnormal POSTURES and disrupts ongoing movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone; involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive or twisting movements

Answer 36

Dystonia (dystonic CP)

Question 37

brief, purposeless, involuntary movements proximally (shoulders, hips, face); overactivity in basil ganglia

Answer 37

chorea

Question 38

brief, rapid contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles (seizure)

Answer 38

myoclonus

Question 39

involuntary flinging motions of the extremities; often violent, continuous, random

Answer 39

hemiballismus

Question 40

the integration/interpretation of sensory impressions received from the environment into psychologically meaningful information

Answer 40

perception

Question 41

a breakdown in knowledge of how to perform a task; a lack of knowledge regarding object use ; sensorimotor system may be intact

Answer 41

ideational apraxia | Example: using a toothbrush as a hairbrush and cannot sequence the steps to brush teeth

Question 42

loss of access to kinesthetic memory so that purposeful movement cannot be achieved because of ineffective motor planning although sensation, movement and coordination are intact. the person cannot perform a task upon direction but can on his/her own

Answer 42

ideomotor apraxia Example: person is clumsy with an awkward grasp; trouble crossing midline, bilateral activities and with manipulating objects

Question 43

ability to organize thoughts with steps properly sequenced

Answer 43

organization/sequencing | Example: putting shoes on before pants or leaving steps of the activity out like washing hands without soap

Question 44

inability to discriminate between R and L sides or apply to environment

Answer 44

right-left indiscrimination

Question 45

loss of awareness of body parts as well as relationship of body parts to each other and objects. ___ is a disorder that results in diminished awareness of body structure and a failure to recognize body parts as one's own.

Answer 45

body scheme disorder Asomatognosia (type of body scheme disorder) Example: attempt to dress therapists arm or brush the teeth of mirror image

Question 46

difficulty relating objects to each other or to the self secondary to a loss of spatial concepts (prepositions: up/down)

Answer 46

spatial relations impairment | Example: has difficulty with orienting shirt to put on (Sebastian); undershooting to pick up glass of milk

Question 47

Failure to respond to/report unilateral stimuli on side of body contralateral to lesion

Answer 47

unilateral body neglect | Example: shaving one side of face without incorporating involved limbs

Question 48

neglect, inattention to stimuli presented in extra personal space contralateral to lesion

Answer 48

unilateral spatial neglect | Example: cannot find food on left side of plate

Question 49

an inability to distinguish foreground from background

Answer 49

figure ground dysfunction

Question 50

unawareness of motor deficit possibly related to lack of insight regarding disabilities

Answer 50

anosognosia

Question 51

the acquired inability to perform calculations " " to read " " to write

Answer 51

Acalculia Alexia Agraphia

Question 52

Inability to name objects or retrieve names of people | " " to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, smells without absent memory or sensation

Answer 52

Anomia | Agnosia

Question 53

The continuation or repetition of a motor act or task

Answer 53

Perseveration Example: continuing to wash one arm, terminating hand to mouth pattern when bowl is empty, repeating the same task (Dressing, undressing, dressing)

Question 54

an irreversible neurological condition caused by prolonged use of neuroleptic medications. Causes repetitive, involuntary movements, such as grimacing and eye blinking.

Answer 54

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 55

returning to an earlier stage of development to avoid conflict or tension (mom does this), e.g. becoming needy or child-like during a period of stress

Answer 55

regression

Question 56

Rigid separating of positive and negative thoughts and of feelings (e.g. staff members may be considered all good or bad when they may provoke anxiety in treatment)

Answer 56

Splitting

Question 57

the conversion of psychological symptoms into physical illness

Answer 57

Somatization

Question 58

blocking painful memories and anxiety provoking thoughts

Answer 58

Repression

Question 59

the switching of unacceptable impulses into its opposite (e.g. hugging someone you would like to hit)

Answer 59

Reaction formation

Question 60

redirecting energy from socially unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable activities, e.g. an angry individual channels anger into aggressive sports play

Answer 60

Sublimation

Question 61

consciously avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, thoughts or feelings, e.g. cleaning room or going on vacation while waiting for NBCOT exam results

Answer 61

Suppression