Definitions Flashcards
(26 cards)
Acid
Species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solutions
Activation energy
Minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds
Addition polymerisation
Formation of a very long molecular chain (addition polymer) by repeating addition reaction of many unsaturated Alkene molecules
Addition reaction
When a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make an Saturated molecule
Adsorption
The process that occurred when a gas or liquid is held to the surface of a liquid
Alicyclic
Containing carbon atoms joined in a ring
Aliphatic
Containing carbon atoms joined together in a unbranched (straight) or branched chains
Alkali
A type of base that dissolved in water to release hydroxide ions (OH-)
Alkyl groups
Side chain formed by removing a hydrogen atom removed from an askance patent chain. Often referred to as ‘R’
Alkynes
Hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple c-c bonds and formula CnH2n-2
Aromatic
Containing one or more benzene rings
Atomic orbital
A region around nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
Average bond enthalpy
Average enthalpy Change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission one mile of a given type of bond in the molecules
Base
Compound that neutralises an acid to form a salt
Binary compound
Compound containing two elements only
Catalyst
Substance that increases rate of reaction without being used up. Provides alternative route for reaction with lower activation energy
Cis-trans isomerism
Cis isomer (Z isomer) has hydrogen atoms on each side Trans isomer (E isomer) has hydrogen atoms on each different side
Closed system
A system isolated from its surrounding so that no matter is exchanged with its surroundings
Coordinate bond (dative bond)
A shared pair of electrons in which the bonded pair has been provided by one of the binding atoms only
Dehydration
Elimination reaction in which water is removed from the saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule
Dipole
A separation in electrical charge so that on atom of a polar covalent bond has a small + charge and other side small - charge
Disproportionation
A redox reaction in which the same element is oxidised and reduced
E/Z isomer
Type of stereoisomer where the groups attached to double carbon bond may be arranged differently in space due to restricted rotation of carbon double bond
Electronegativity
Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons towards itself
