Definitions

Question 1

Molar mass

Answer 1

The mass in grams of one mole of the substance

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

The substance that is dissolved in the solution

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution

Question 4

Concentration

Answer 4

The number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution

Question 5

Standard solution

Answer 5

A solution of known concentration

Question 6

Intramolecular bond

Answer 6

Occurring between the atoms within molecules

Question 7

Electronegativity

Answer 7

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms

Question 9

Non-polar covalent

Answer 9

An equal sharing of electrons

Question 10

Polar covalent

Answer 10

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming

Question 11

Ionic bond

Answer 11

A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

Question 12

Metallic bond

Answer 12

Bonding between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 13

Intermolecular bond

Answer 13

A weak force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of nobel gases

Question 14

Exothermic reactions

Answer 14

Reactions which transfer potential energy into thermal energy

Question 15

Endothermic reactions

Answer 15

Reactions which transfer thermal energy into potential energy

Question 16

Activation energy

Answer 16

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 17

Activated complex

Answer 17

Temporary transition state between the reactants and the products

Question 18

Reaction rate

Answer 18

The change in concentration per unit time of either a reactant or a product

Question 19

Catalyst

Answer 19

A substance that increase the rate of reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Question 20

Le Chatelier’s principle

Answer 20

When an external stress is applied to a system in chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

Question 21

Yield

Answer 21

A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of product against the amount of product that is possible

Question 22

Lowry-Brønsted model

Answer 22

An acid is a proton donor

A base is a proton acceptor

Question 23

Strong acid

Answer 23

An acid that ionizes almost completely in an aqueous solution

Question 24

Strong base

Answer 24

A base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

Question 25

Salt

Answer 25

A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

Question 26

Neutralization

Answer 26

The point where an acid and a base have reacted so that neither is in excess

Question 27

Hydrolysis

Answer 27

A reaction with water where the water itself is decomposed

Question 28

Oxidation

Answer 28

The loss of electrons

Question 29

Reduction

Answer 29

The gain of electrons

Question 30

Oxidizing agent

Answer 30

A substance that accept electrons

Question 31

Reducing agent

Answer 31

A substance that donates electrons

Question 32

Anode

Answer 32

The electrode where oxidation takes place

Question 33

Cathode

Answer 33

The electrode where reduction takes place

Question 34

Functional group

Answer 34

An atom or group of atoms the form the center of chemical activity in the molecule

Question 35

Hydrocarbon

Answer 35

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 36

Homologous series

Answer 36

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous by a single CH2 unit

Question 37

Saturated compound

Answer 37

A compound in which all of the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

Question 38

Unsaturated compound

Answer 38

A compound in which there is at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

Question 39

Isomers

Answer 39

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae