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Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Archimedes principle

A

For an object partially or fully submerged in a fluid the upthrust acting on an object is equal to the weight

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2
Q

Centre of mass

A

A point where the weight of an object appears to act

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3
Q

Hooke’s law

A

Force is directly proportional to extension as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded

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4
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume

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5
Q

Electromotive force

A

Work done per unit charge from when other forms of energy have converted into electrical energy

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6
Q

Principles of superposition of waves

A

When 2 or more waves meet at a point the resultant displacement at the points is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves

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7
Q

Kirchhoff’s first law

A

the sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of the current leaving the junction

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8
Q

Kirchhoff’s second law

A

The sum of e.m.f.s is equal to the sum of the p.d.s in a closed loop

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9
Q

Linear momentum

A

Mass x velocity

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10
Q

Moment

A

Force X perpendicular distance from pivot

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11
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object will remain at rest or have a constant velocity unless a resultant force acts on it

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12
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum

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13
Q

Newton’s third law

A

If an object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A of the same type

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14
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

The emission of photoelectrons from a metal surface when electromagnetic radiation above a threshold frequency is incident on the metal

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15
Q

Potential difference

A

Work done per unit charge from electrical energy to other forms

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16
Q

Principle of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum is conserved in a closed system

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17
Q

Principle of moments

A

When a body is in equilibrium the sum of the moments clockwise is equal to the sum of the moments anti-clockwise

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18
Q

Torque of a couple

A

One of the forces X perpendicular distance between forces

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19
Q

Young’s modulus

A

Stress/ strain as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded

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20
Q

Binding energy

A

Minimum energy required to completely separate a nucleus into protons and neutrons

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21
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass with a constant temperature

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22
Q

Brownian motion

A

The continuous random motion of small particles suspended in a fluid visible under a microscope

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23
Q

Cosmological principle

A

The universe is homogenous and isotropic and the laws of physics are universal

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24
Q

Homogenous

A

Uniform density

25
Isotropic
In all directions
26
Coulomb's law
The electrostatic force experienced by 2 points charges on each other is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square if their separation
27
Electric field strength
The force Experienced per unit positive charge at that point
28
Electric potential
The work done per unit positive charge to move a charge from infinity to a point in an electric field
29
Faradays law
The magnitude of the e.m.f induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage
30
Gravitational field strength
The gravitational force experienced per unit mass at a point within a gravitational field
31
Gravitational potential
Work done per unit mass to move a mass from infinity to a point in the gravitational field
32
Hubbles law
Recessional velocity of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance from earth
33
Lens's law
The directional of induced e.m.f or current is always opposite to the change causing it
34
Magnetic flux density
The strength of a magnetic field
35
Newton's law of gravitation
The force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation
36
Simple harmonic motion
- Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement - Acceleration of an object acts in the direction opposite to displacement
37
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to increase 1kg of mass by 1 kelvin
38
Specific latent heat
The energy required to change the phase per unit mass
39
Wien's displacement law
Peak wavelength at which the intensity of radiation from a black body is a maximum, is inversely proportion to the absolute temperature of the black body
40
Internal energy
The sum of randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the substance
41
Kepler first law
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci
42
Keplers second law
A line segment connecting a planet to the sine sweeps out equal areas during equal time intervals
43
Keplers third law
The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun
44
Kinetic model
A model that describes all substances as made of atoms, ions of molecules arranged differently depending on the phase
45
Inelastic collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is transferred to other forms
46
Hadron
A particle or antiparticle affected by the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force e.g. Protons and neutrons
47
Leptons
Particle and antiparticle not affected by the strong nuclear force but by the weak
48
Elastic limit
A point where plastic deformation takes place
49
Plastic deformation
When a material or object will no longer return to its original shape
50
Electric degeneracy pressure
An outward force provided by electrons in a white dwarf which is caused by the Pauli exclusion principle
51
Chandrasekhar limit
The maximum mass of a core of a star where electron degeneracy pressure will prevent gravitational collapse of the core 1.44 M
52
Electron volt
Energy transferred to or from an electron when it passes through a potential difference of one volt
53
Absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature at which substances have minimal internal energy
54
One becquerel
An activity of one decay per second
55
One astronomical unit
The mean distance from the earth to the sun
56
One light year
The distance travelled by light in a vacuum for 1 year
57
One parsec
The distance at which 1Au subtends an angle of one arcsecond
58
Ohms law
Potential difference is directly proportional to current as long as temperature is constant
59
Magnetic flux density
The force on one metre of wire carrying a current of one amp at right angles to the magnetic field

Physics (14 decks)

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