Definitions Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is an isotope?
Elements that have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers)
What is ionisation energy?
The energy required to pull an electron away from and atom
What is an intermolecular force?
Forces that exist between molecules
What are intramolecular forces?
Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule
What is a stable octet?
When the valence shell is full with 8 electrons to make it stable and less likely to react
What is a cation?
When an atom loses and electrons to form a positively charged ion
What is in an anion?
When atoms gain electrons to Make a negatively charged ion
What is an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds consist of metals and nonmetals
When elements form more than one type of ion want to use to tell us what’s inside that compound?
We use Roman numerals
What are the three types of chemical bonding?
Ionic, covalent, metallic
What is an ionic bond?
Between metals and nonmetals this type of bonding occurs by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is covalent bonding?
Very strong bonds that are between nonmetals only. Covalent bonds share electrons
What is metallic bonding?
Occurs within metals and forms lattice solids cations with delocalised electrons
What is electronegativity?
When an atom attracts electrons. This is also a force of attraction
Define non-polar covalent bonds?
Electrons are shared equally between both atoms Because both atoms are the same or have similar electronegativity
Define a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared equally due to differences in electronegativity
What is isotopic abundances?
The percentage of an elements occurrence within the environment
What is the half life?
The time it takes for 50% of the existing amount of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay
What is mass spectrometry?
The Sample is vaporised and the resultant gas is ionised to form positive ions. These ions are accelerated through an electric field. The ions at them separated by magnetic field based on the mass to charge ratio. The ions of a certain mass in charge reach a detector which measures the current produced by a particular ion
What is the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)?
Amount of energy absorbed by the element to get to its excited state is the same is the amount of energy released for it to return to its current state
What is atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)?
The amount of light absorbed by a Sample at a particular wavelength can be used to determine the concentration of that element
